著者

岩本篤志

雑誌

東洋学報 / The Toyo Gakuho

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.1, pp.27-59, 1998-06

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In A. D. 550, Kao Yang (高洋), the second son of Kao Huan (高歓) succeeded the throne of Hsiao-ching-ti (孝静帝) of Tung-wei (東魏), which brought about the establishment of Pei-ch'i. Later with the formation of the Pei-chou (北周) and Ch'en (陳) dynasties, the newly formed Pei-ch'i dynasty was the turning point in the period of Southern-Northern dynasties.Although this ascension of Kao Yang was opposed by Empress dowager Lou (婁) and the Han Chinese bureaucrat Tu pi (杜弼), a divination by Hsü Chih-ts'ai who was an immigrant from the Southern dynasty and known as "Nan-shih (南士, Southern gentry)" by the people in Northern dynasty, mentioned that "if sheep (羊) drinks water (水) at Meng-chin (盟津), its horns would point to heaven". This was what triggered the ascension of Kao Yang. The horns pointing to heaven signifies the succession to the throne. For generations, Hsü Chih-ts'ai's clan was a shaman-doctor in a large region from Ch'i (斉) to Wu-yüeh (呉越) and worshipped Hsü Yen-wang (徐偃王), their common ancestor.When objection to Kao Yang ascension was raised by the people, Hsü Chih-ts'ai said "after people chase a rabbit in a market, and when someone catches it, the others will give up the chase. "This phrase is based on Chinese classics and at the same time an expression of moral obligation in a political philosophic term. Furthermore, his statement was timely of the international situation of the era.Then, in Southern dynasty Liang (梁) Wu-ti (武帝) was incarcerated and put to death by Hou Ching (侯景). Furthermore, in Hsi-wei (西魏), Yü Wên-t'ai (宇文泰) had organized the 24 armies and gained parts of the territory of Southern dynasty. But with the army of Tung Wei having already invaded Huai-nan (淮南) region, they had a clear advantage of unpreparedness of Yü Wên-t'ai and Hou Ching.Due to the establishment of Pei-ch'i dynasty, Hou Ching attempted his ascension, but he was suppressed by Ch'en Pa-hsien (陳覇先). Furthermore, Yü Wên-t'ai attacked Pei-ch'i dynasty. But this attempt ended in a defeat. As a result, reluctantly he settled down to handle internal affairs. Then the establishment of Pei-chou was in the second month of A. D.556, two months after Yü Wên-t'ai's death.