4 0 0 0 OA 近世における質量標準の変化
Tracing the changes of mass standard by statistical calculation on the basis of the weights, nominal gold and silver coins, and metrological conversion tables in modern Japan, the author has obtained the following results : There had been no great change in mass standard in modern Japan, its mean value during 298 years from 1573 to 1870 being 3.736×10^<-3>kg per \"momme\". Since the beginning of 19th century, mass standard has been rising enormously, and especially, its mean value during 37 years from 1834 to 1870 reached 3.756×10^<-3>kg. In 1871, the \"Regulation of New Coins\" was enacted and 1 \"momme\" was determined at 3.756521×10^<-3> kg, but it was not universally observed. The mean value during 20 years from 1871 was 3.750×10^<-3>kg. This value was adopted in the \"Law of Weights and Measures\" in 1891, and continued till the Shaku-Kan system was abolished.
1 0 0 0 OA 先秦時代の中国における歩と里の長さ
I demonstrated that there is no great difference between statures of the present-day Japanese, present-day Chinese and ancient Chinese on the basis of statistical data and inferred that there is no remarkable difference between their lengths of step which are correlated with their stature. Further, I took up problematical points in measurement of Length of Li by pacing and contemplated them. Next, I calculated by estimation length of Pu and Li in main ages from Western Chou to Ch'in in the warring states on the basis of linear measure chronology which I integrated in my preceding report. These results, together with those in my preceding report, are summarised in the following table.
1 0 0 0 OA 微量天びんの先駆者、飯盛挺造
Probably there is no one who talks of the history of the microbalance but refers to the achievements of Warburg, E. and Ihmori, T. For instance, Bahrndt, K. titled his article "The Microbalance And Its Development Since 1886", and stated that the microbalance for physical and chemical researches was first developed by them, and that, therefore, the year 1886 is the epochmaking era. This microbalance was so constructed that the atmosphere and temperature could be changed as desired in the entire range of pressure from atmospheric pressure to vacuum. Furthermore, for weighing continuous changes of mass, they employed a method of weighing by means of the lever of light with the object of solving various problems in physics and chemistry. With the development of this microbalance, study of density, atomic weight, adsorption, absorption, coefficient of expansion, magnetic susceptibility, vapour pressure, osmotic pressure, surface tension, viscosity, particle size distribution, chemical equilibrium, reaction velocity, etc., has become easier since that time. Teizo Ihmori was born in the Province of Hizen on August 24,1851. He went up to Tokyo in 1871,where he learned German and then taught German at the Tokyo Foreign Language School. In 1877,he became an assistant teacher in the Medical Faculty of the Tokyo University and taught physics there. Meanwhile, he translated a German book on physics into Japanese and published it for the students of his Medical Faculty as their reference books. In 1881,he became an assistant professor, and simultaneously he taught in another school. In 1884,Teizo Ihmori studied in Freiburg University in Germany, where he made a microbalance under the guidance of Prof. Warburg of the Physical Institute. Using this microbalance, he studied the phenomena of water adsorption on the surface of glass and many other substances, and contributed his article to Annalen der Physik and Chemie, Neue Folge. In March, 1886,Freiburg University awarded him the degree of Doktor der Philosophie. He further improved his microbalance, raised its sensitivity to 0.5 μg and using it, he studied the phenomena of adsorption of many substances and published his many views on the component materials of the microbalance. In 1887,he returned home and served in the Fourth High School both as a teacher and the vice principal temporarily. In the following year, he founded a private pharmaceutical school with some of his friends, and after 1893,he became professors of the abovementioned school and a girl's higher normal school. As an educator, he devoted himself solely in order to develop his students' abilities. While he was teaching physics to his students, he always wore a kindly face, and his fat body and smiling face were favourably received with good feeling. However, at the beginning of the 20th century, he was attacked by cerebral hemorrhage. Although he recovered once, he had been in poor health since then. He passed away in March, 1916 at the age of 65.