著者

木村 徳国

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会論文報告集 (ISSN:03871185)

巻号頁・発行日

no.271, pp.113-120, 1978-09-30

被引用文献数

2

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"Waga Yado" is an idiom which stands for "my residence" in Japanese language. This idiom creates a problem in the history of Japanese dwelling house because when this idiom was evolved. The word "Yado" meant etymologically not a "house" i.e."Ya" but an "outer-space" i.e."To" or even an "openning" i.e. "To" of a building ("Ya") in ancient Japan. To determine precisely the age, and the process through which this idiom was evolved, the author researched this word thoroughly in the four areas of literature completed in the 8th century ("Kojiki", "Nippon Shoki", "Fudoki", and "Manyoshu"). He discovered about 120 words in "Manyoshu", an anthology of about 4, 500 poems of ancient Japan, and determined the following points. 1. The first poem which has "Waga Yado" was composed in the reign of Emperor Tenchi (662-671 A. D.), though this "Waga Yado" did not mean "my residence" at the time. 2. In several poems composed in 730 A. D., we clearly find that the idiom had been incorporated into the language. 3. Upon comparing these instances with other "Waga Yado" before 730 A. D., the author found that the first "Waga Yado" which stands for "my residence" occurred in the poem by Prince Fozumi composed in the beginning of the 8th century. At the same time, the author found that the 8th century poems which have "Waga Yado" in "Manyoshu" always speak of plants in a garden such as "Hagi (bush clover)", "Tachibana (orange)", "Ume (plum)", "Nadeshiko (wild pink)", etc., or the Moon, Birds, Wind and the like. So we can say that the expression "Yado" i.e. "residence" is always found up in those poems with the "petit and intimate beauties of Nature". On the other hand, one of the most traditional characteristics of the history of Japanese dwelling house was that the dwelling house always had a garden in which the householderes could live with and enjoy "petit and intimate Nature". This carried throughout history untill the 19th century. Another problem in the history is when this tradition actually began. In conclusion, it is the opinion of the author that the evolution or the invention of the idiom "Waga Yado" coincides with the formation of this "Nature" tradition in the history of the Japanese dwelling house.

著者

木村 徳国

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会論文報告集 (ISSN:03871185)

巻号頁・発行日

no.250, pp.125-133, 1976-12-30

被引用文献数

1

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This paper consists of the following two chapters, I. "Muro" buildings in 8th century literature. II. The architectural images of "Muro" buildings. This is the first half of the thesis "On 'Muro' building and 'Nifimuro-no-Utage'". The author will present a synopsis of the whole thesis in the next issue of "Transactions of A.I.J." in which the latter half of the thesis will be published.

著者

木村 徳国

出版者

北海道大学 = Hokkaido University

雑誌

北海道大學工學部研究報告 (ISSN:0385602X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.71-128, 1958-12-18

著者

木村 徳国

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

学術講演梗概集. 計画系

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.1671-1672, 1976-08-25

著者

木村 徳国

出版者

北海道大学 = Hokkaido University

雑誌

北海道大學工學部研究報告 (ISSN:0385602X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.45-149, 1958-05-30

著者

木村 徳国

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会論文報告集 (ISSN:03871185)

巻号頁・発行日

no.251, pp.101-107, 1977-01-30

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Throughout the Tumulus Period (4th〜7th century A. D.) in Japan, the most popular dwelling house style for the indigenous rice-cultivating people was the so called "Tateana-Zumai (Pit dwelling)", and we know of the plan of the building through archaeological excavations; of the shape of the building by three instances of bronze relief carved in the said Period. The floor of a dwelling of this type was a shallow pit dug in the ground about two feet deep, and there was a hearth in the center of the earthen floor. Covering this pit completely, there was a simple dome-like thatched roof, which had no window but had two little openings in the upper sides of the roof to exhaust smoke from the hearth. A little entrance was also cut in the lower part of the roof. (The building had no wall.) The inner-room of a "Pit dwelling" was a very closed one which could shut the exterior elements off completely. Today, we call this type of dwelling, as mentioned before, "Tateana-Zumai" because of its pit, but we don't know by what name it was called by the people of the Tumulus Period. On the other hand, we can find many buildings called "Ya", "Tono" and "Muro" in Japanese literature such as "Kojiki", "Nippon-Shoki", "Manyoshu" and "Fudoki". All of them were completed in 8th century A.D. Now the author takes up the "Muro" building in this paper. To get its architectural image and historical characteristics precisely, the author thoroughly researched available facts through the scenes presenting "Muro" buildings in the tales, legends and poetry in the said four areas of literature, and got the following points concerning "Muro" clearly. a. All of the "Muro" buildings presented in literature had very closed inner-room. b. The floor of the "Muro" building was an earthen one, and there was a fireplace in the room. c. The people who dwelt in "Muro" buildings were not the rich or noble but the ordinary native people. d. Almost all of the facts about "Muro" buildings were found in very ancient legends in the said literature. e. The origin of "Nifimuro-no-Utage (the ritual banquet for new 'Muro' buildings)" were founded in the folk custom of the rice-cultivating people in very ancient times. Comparing these points with the characteristics of the said "Pit dwelling", there are so many similar points, that the author thinks that we can take the "Muro" buildings in literature as the "Pit dwelling" in archaeological fact. This thesis consists of the following chapters. I. "Muro" buildings in 8th century literature. II. The architectural images of "Muro" buildings. III. The "Nifimuro-no-Utage". IV. The "Muro-foki (the ritual blessing for new 'Muro' buildings)". V. Conclusion.