著者

ニーバー [著] 武田清子譯

出版者

新教出版社

巻号頁・発行日

1948

著者

武田 清子

出版者

国際基督教大学

雑誌

国際基督教大学学報. I-A, 教育研究 (ISSN:04523318)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.1-54, 1962-12

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In the history of modern Japanese educational thought, the Pestalozzian movement was once influential throughout the nation. This was during the Meiji period. Originally Pestalozzi had a unique structure of thought composed of a profound understanding of man based upon Christian concepts (though he was influenced by Rousseau), a deep interest in helping poor children to realize their true humanity in spite of the distorted conditions of their existence, and a new educational method or technique of accomplishing this. However the technique of Pestalozzianism has often been adapted without the underlying philosophy of concern for humanity. Takamine Hideo, a graduate of Fukuzawa's Keio and later a principal of Tokyo Normal School and promoter of Pestalozzianism, was educated at Oswego Normal School which had adapted "Pestalozzianism" with its special emphasis on the method of "object lessons ". This method was introduced through England which had a unique emphasis on pedagogical techniques, and whose methods easily spread all over America in the time of industrial growth after the Civil War. In this paper I intend to re-examine and analyze the nature and problem of the type of liberal education which was labeled as the "Pestalozzian movement" and which was regarded as contradictory to nationalistic education in modern Japan, but which as a technical method of education, having been cut off from its spiritual root, was rather easily integrated with the moral education based upon Confucianism and Emperor worship and with the Japanese mythical view of history. I also contrasted this kind of adaptation with the educational thought of two Japanese Christian educators: Ishii Jyuji, the founder of the Okayama Orphanage, and Tomeoka Kosuke, the founder of the "family school" for juvenile delinquency, who in their understanding of man, their basic motive and method of education had much in common with that of Pestalozzi, although they have been almost entirely neglected in the history of modern educational thought in Japan.

著者

武田 清子

出版者

国際基督教大学

雑誌

国際基督教大学学報. I-A, 教育研究 (ISSN:04523318)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.34-71, 1961-12

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The Democratic movement of the Taisho period (1912-1925) is one of the most important movements in the development of the democratic trends in modern Japan. The generation who served as the national leaders during the establishment of postwar democracy in Japan were the products of this movement who struggled and survived the pressure of the militaristic fascism. Thus Japanese postwar democracy was not a gift of the US Occupation but was a national product from within. Sakuzo Yoshino, a Christian professor of political science and leading democrat, was the central figure of this movement. Under the Meiji constitution, without denying the Emperor System he worked for the right of the people as much as possible within that framework, having been attacked on both sides by the extreme nationalists and the extreme leftists. First of all, I would like to study and analyze the nature of this attempt of democracy. Secondly, this period is called, at the same time, a period of humanism when Christianity took root in the cultural and social soil of Japan. Having been received within the bosom of the culture and even losing itself in it, Christianity sought to bring about a renewal of the common man and society. The individuals of this type were Inazo Nitobe, Toyohiko Kagawa, and Sakuzo Yoshino. In Yoshino the basis of democracy was definitely Christian faith, and particularly Christian concept of man. I would like to evaluate the understanding of "Man" and its role as the basis of Taisho Democracy.

著者

伊藤友信 [ほか] 編 中村元 武田清子監修

出版者

東京書籍

巻号頁・発行日

1982