著者

丸山 千歌

出版者

国際基督教大学

雑誌

ICU 日本語教育研究センター紀要 = The Research Center for Japanese Language Education Annual Bulletin (ISSN:13447181)

巻号頁・発行日

no.6, pp.15-42, 1997-03-31

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現在の用法での「~的」という語は英語からの影響を受け明治十年ごろから使われ始めたようである。ここ100年のうちに急速に使用が広まった「~的」を調べることは現代日本語の特質を把握することに通じるものと思われる。本稿は,一世代前の1962年の雑誌から抽出された「~的」を,「~的」と話題との関係,「~的」の語種や表記との関係,語の意味との関係などの観点から分析しその使用状況を明らかにする。

著者

武田 清子

出版者

国際基督教大学

雑誌

国際基督教大学学報. I-A, 教育研究 (ISSN:04523318)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.47-103, 1965-03

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Kanji Kato (1884-) was a unique educator of farmers who aspired to regenerate agricultural communities as the spiritual and material foundation of the nation. He was once converted to Christianity under the influence of an American missionary, but later he became an enthusiastic follower of Dr. Katsuhiko Kakei, a Shinto theorist and professor of law at Tokyo University. Kakei, having adopted Hegelian philosophy, developed a new interpretation of Shintoistic Nationalism. Thus it became Kato's mission to educate the farmers to Shintoistic Nationalism. From another approach, Tadaatsu Ishiguro, a pioneering leader in the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, was seeking ways to solve the serious problem of farmers' poverty, which was aggravated by a continuous agricultural crisis in the 1930's. Ishiguro attempted to implement two policies. One was a kind of reform of the landlord system (which, however, only became realized by command of the U.S. Occupation Forces after World War II), and the other was a plan to develop an educational program for training leaders in rural communities. Ishiguro was planning to establish a Japan Higher Folk School, adopting the pattern of that developed in Denmark under the leadership of Nikolai F. S. Grundtvig, an outstanding Christian leader who worked to solve that country's ruraIproblems. Kato was invited to serve as the first principal of this school, which, first in Tomobe and later in Uchihara, in Ibaraki prefecture, became the center of education of farmers in Japan. Same or similar kinds of folk schools with Kato's educational thought and method, spread all over the country. This educational movement in its early stage was expected to be like that in Denmark. It might have given the impression of sharing some of the humanistic and democratic sentiments of other new educational movements of the Taisho period, which were typically critical of the formalistic public school system (under direction of the Ministry of Education) and emphasized informal educational methods, pragmatic combining of "labor" and "education", and practical concern for social problems, etc. But in reality Kato's movement contributed to preparing, spreading and supporting the idea of Shintoistic Nationalism and fascistic ultra-nationalism in the thought pattern of the rural Japanese. Kato, when he realized that the second and third sons of poor peasants had no land to cultivate, was convinced simply that land had to be found for them somewhere in the world, and Manchuria offered the best opportunity. He persuaded military authorities, as well as the government itself, to adopt an agricultural emigration policy under which 5,000,000 poor peasants were to be sent to Manchuria. After the Manchurian War in 1931, this program became national policy, and Kato's school became the center for training the emigrants to Manchuria. Later Kato proposed sending out young boys between the ages of 16 and 19, besides the adult emigrants. At the government's request, many schools all over Japan were forced to select the best ten in ability and health among their graduating students and to send them to the school in Uchihara. They were trained there, and later at branches in Manchuria, in both agricultural and military practices. Then they were sent out to the northern frontiers as kind of colonial troops… a total of more than 300,000. Many of these capable and healthy boys, living under inhuman conditions in a severe climate, with poor food and heavy labor, suffered illness or died. Later, at the end of World War II, more than 80,000 boys, women and children were left behind by the Japanese troops and became tragic victims to the attacking Russians and Chinese. This paper is an analytical study of Kato's Shintoistic Nationalism and the nature and role of his educational movement in the historical process of modern Japan. The content is as follows: I . Preface…the purpose of this paper. II. The Folk School Movement for "regeneration" of rural communities in the period of agricultural crisis. III. Kanji Kato's Shintoistic Nationalism and his educational thought and method practiced and demonstrated through the Japan Higher Folk School Movement. IV. Emigration of farmers and youth troops to Manchuria as the result and continuation of Kato's educational activities. V. The significant nature and problems of Kato's nationalistic educational thought and movement in the history of educational thought in modern Japan.

著者

清水 雄大

出版者

国際基督教大学

雑誌

Gender and sexuality : journal of Center for Gender Studies, ICU (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, pp.95-120, 2008-03-31

被引用文献数

1

著者

真嶋 亜有

出版者

国際基督教大学

雑誌

国際基督教大学学報. III-A, アジア文化研究別冊 (ISSN:09166734)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.213-230, 2002-09-30

著者

岡本 葵 藤田 英典

出版者

国際基督教大学

雑誌

国際基督教大学学報. I-A 教育研究 = Educational Studies (ISSN:04523318)

巻号頁・発行日

no.51, pp.93-102, 2009-03-31

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アファーマティブ・アクションの目的は,過去の社会的・構造的差別によって何らかの不利益を被ってきた人々に対して積極的な配慮を行うことによって,実質的な機会均等を社会全体として達成することにある.しかし,今日,この概念の起源国アメリカにおいて,アファーマティブ・アクションを「逆差別」「反能力主義」とする批判が増加している.本稿は,アメリカにおけるアファーマティブ・アクションの展開を概観する中で,真の意味での「能力主義」を達成するためには,実質的な「機会均等」をめざすアファーマティブ・アクションの実施が有効な手段になり得ることを検討する.

著者

村瀬 ひろみ

出版者

国際基督教大学

雑誌

ジェンダー&セクシュアリティ (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.1, pp.77-91, 2005

著者

川口 遼

出版者

国際基督教大学

雑誌

ジェンダー&セクシュアリティ (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.3, pp.23-41, 2008

著者

加藤 悠二

出版者

国際基督教大学

雑誌

ジェンダー&セクシュアリティ (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.4, pp.61-72, 2009

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This study is based on interviews with heterosexual women who have closefriendships with gay men. In the Japanese media's "Gay Boom" phenomenon that arosein the 1990s, gay men were represented as being the ideal partners for heterosexualwomen. While this has stimulated research and incurred various criticisms from gay andlesbian academics and activists, there has been no qualitative research of heterosexualwomen.This study is based on interviews of 14 heterosexual women who have closefriendships with gay men. The interviews were of one hour in length and consisted ofquestions such as "Where did you meet your gay friend and what kind of relationshipdo you have with them?," "What kind of relationships do you have with heterosexualwomen and men?," and "Do you have lesbian friends?" Various patterns were discoveredin the way heterosexual women got to know gay men and in the kinds of relationshipsthey formed. It also became apparent that even if the initial motivation for meeting had been out of mere curiosity, the relationships eventually developed into close friendships.

著者

竹内 瑞穂

出版者

国際基督教大学

雑誌

Gender and sexuality : journal of Center for Gender Studies, ICU (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, pp.77-94, 2008-03-31

著者

五野井 郁夫

出版者

国際基督教大学

雑誌

社会科学ジャーナル = The Journal of Social Science (ISSN:04542134)

巻号頁・発行日

no.85, pp.5-22, 2018-03-31

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This paper focuses on presenting and analyzing some of the most importanttheological models of participatory democracy, deliberative democracy and liquiddemocracy to emphasize their possibilities and limits. Each of these democratictheories are located between democratic bipolar models‒representativedemocracy and direct democracy‒ and have explicit commitment to reconsiderexisting models of representative democracy. Liquid Democracy is bothdemocratic political idea and the open source political voting platform createdand practiced by the Swedish and German Pirate Parties as a way to create ascalable and delegate democratic political party in the era of development of theinformation society and social network. Recently this idea has partly been appliedby the working groups of Bundestag (German federal parliament). This papershows how these three models of democracies can be embedded into theframework of existing democratic bipolar models by attempting to providetheoretical foundations of “mixed government” in democratic theories.

著者

中村 美亜

出版者

国際基督教大学

雑誌

Gender and sexuality : journal of Center for Gender Studies, ICU (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.3-24, 2006-12-31

著者

石井 由香理

出版者

国際基督教大学

雑誌

ジェンダー&セクシュアリティ (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.5, pp.3-22, 2010

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This paper considers the transitions in the "Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatmentof GID" , which was created by the Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology. By analyzing the text of the guidelines, we observe that the current concept of gender has become less influential in representing a consistent identity model for society today.This is reflected in the following distinctions in the transitions of the guidelines in which there are five issues to be emphasized: First, gender identity is defined as being of multiple forms. Second, the approach to medical treatment is determined not only by an individual' s gender identity but also by his/ her life, world and value system. These factors explain the need for more diversity in medical treatment. Third, it is supposed that gender identity has coherence. Fourth, since diversity of gender is more emphasized, a patient's decision concerning treatment is more highly regarded than ever. And lastly, due to the extended scope of decision-making, the range of patients' self-responsibility for the risk is extended accordingly. It is evident from these guidelines that the concept of gender that has hitherto disciplined people has become weaker.However, this does not necessarily mean that society has become an ideal world.There are still various problems concerning the issue of transgenderism that must beconsidered.

著者

小道 モコ

出版者

国際基督教大学

雑誌

国際基督教大学学報. I-A 教育研究 = Educational Studies (ISSN:04523318)

巻号頁・発行日

no.61, pp.109-113, 2019-03-31

著者

稲 正樹

出版者

国際基督教大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2009

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東北アジア地域における人権メカニズムの前提条件(もしくは同時的取組み)としては、最小限6個の課題の解決を必要とすることが明らかになった。そして東北アジア各国において国家人権委員会(国内人権機関)の設置を進めて、各国国家人権委員会の連携と協力を進めていく必要がある。人権メカニズムを制度化する場合には、監視、通報制度、能力形成と教育、構成と支援に関する国連人権高等弁務官事務所の国際基準をクリアーしなければならない。そして人権メカニズムの保障する人権保障の基本原則としては、(1)人権の普遍性、不可分性、相互依存性、(2)持続可能な発展、(3)平和主義原則を提案できる。

著者

北仲 千里

出版者

国際基督教大学

雑誌

ジェンダー&セクシュアリティ (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.5, pp.95-109, 2010

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Domestic violence typically tends to be regarded as a crime against women. Menand LGBTs (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people) who suffer violence fromtheir partners have been left out from the domestic violence prevention policy. A recent investigative survey found that some male and LGBT victims asked the DV Center for help. However, a major institutional problem is that the DV victim center was originally set up on a former existing women's support center. The definition of a sex crime is also a problem. Rape is defined as a behavior in which a man rapes a woman. The fact that there is little understanding among support staff is a major problem as well.

著者

田多井俊喜

出版者

国際基督教大学

雑誌

Gender and sexuality : journal of Center for Gender Studies, ICU (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.93-104, 2011-03-31

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This report examines aspects of social activities based on the name of "gender identity disorder," which have recently become known. The terminology "gender identity disorder" describes those people trying to live as a different sex from which they were born; they showsome aspects of sex conflicted between biological and social genders. Issues of labor trouble those people most. In the current Japanese labor market, there are problems regarding the exclusion of people marked as "gender identity disorder"- only those who agree that theirbiological gender matches their social gender can become regular and dispatched workers. In order to solve these issues, there has been a social movement that requires the central and the local governments to make a settlement. This activity allows the intervention of the health system in gender, since it is conducted under the name of the medical discourse of "gender identity disorder." Such interference has been criticized for its attempts to control the diversity of sexuality. This study utilizes previous studies criticizing medical intervention in gender and controlof sex. In particular, it reports that although they take the course of accepting control of sex, social activities bearing the name of "gender identity disorder" aim at more diverse sexualities than existing systems. It claims that social activities do not naively medicalize or control acertain sex but rather paint a picture of the society which approves of sexual diversity by placing "gender identity disorder" in the field of policies aspiring for equality in both sexes. This report will to show some cases that demonstrate how the control and the medicalizationof sex do not simply enhance control of sex.

著者

Khor Diana

出版者

国際基督教大学

雑誌

ジェンダー&セクシュアリティ (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.5, pp.45-59, 2010

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筆者は日本におけるレズビアンの経験・生活を分析するにあたって、その背景となる理論を確立する過程で、英文で書かれた日本の同性間セクシュアリティに関する研究が、数人の研究者によるものによって占められている状況に直面した。それらの英語文献における主張は、日本における同性愛に対する寛容さ、セクシュアリティの多様さ、さらにアイデンティティの一貫性のなさを想起させるものである。本稿ではそれらの主張および、日本の同性間セクシュアリティの一般化に対して意義を唱える。第一に、日本の同性愛に対する寛容さが誇張されることで、ジェンダーによる不平等やレズビアンに与えられるスティグマの問題をいかに無視しているかを示す。第二に、日本におけるアイデンティティの一貫性のなさという主張は、「西洋における一貫したアイデンティティ」を誇張することで可能となっており、アイデンティティに関する論考の対象が個人なのか集団なのかを混合したまま比較している、という分析レベルに問題があることを指摘する。これらの問題含みの主張や、日本のゲイ・レズビアン運動や活動家らは柔軟性がなく、西洋の真似に過ぎないという彼らの批判は、ある種のオリエンタリズムを反映しているとも考えられる。英語話者による日本のジェンダー・セクシュアリティ研究のコミュニティにおいては、見解の多様化を奨励し、日本におけるクィアな人々の経験や生活についての実証研究を推進して行くことが急務である。

著者

佐々木 輝美

出版者

国際基督教大学

雑誌

国際基督教大学学報. I-A, 教育研究 (ISSN:04523318)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, pp.143-152, 2004-03

被引用文献数

1

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The main purpose of this study was to examine how sexually explicit media would affect college students' attitudes towards sex. Previous study results based on Gerbner's theory of cultivation would suggest that students exposed to sexually explicit media would accept distorted sexual information or behavior depicted in the media. A survey was conducted to investigate this relationship among college students (N=350). The survey consisted of eight items probing sexual media exposure and their attitudes toward sex. x^2 analysis results indicated a positive correlation between the items of sexual media exposure and attitudes toward sex. The discussion further considers details surrounding the mechanism of accepting distorted sexual information, media exposure, the formation of attitudes and the roles of peers.

著者

合場 敬子

出版者

国際基督教大学

雑誌

Gender and sexuality : journal of Center for Gender Studies, ICU (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, pp.3-22, 2008-03-31

著者

マーハ ジョン C.

出版者

国際基督教大学

雑誌

国際基督教大学学報. I-A, 教育研究 = Educational Studies (ISSN:04523318)

巻号頁・発行日

no.46, pp.173-185, 2004-03-31

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ピジンとは多言語が存在する状況の中で新たに発生した言語であり,固有の特徴をもち,かつ体系だったシステムを持っている。ピジン・クレオールの研究は,異なる言語を持った人間が互いに接触する際に,言語はどのような形で存在するかという問題に関連している。日本は多数の言語が存在する地域であるため,様々なピジンも存在する。しかしこれまで詳細に言語学的に研究されたピジンは少ない。そこで本論では,多言語的環境である日本の中で,ピジンは新旧の歴史をもつ言語現象であることを述べる。言語どうしの接触は大陸から人間が日本本土に移動してきた縄文-弥生期に始まった。これは大陸からのアルタイ語族(弥生人)とマレー・ポリネシア語族(縄文人)の接触である。「港ピジン」は16世紀に九州で発生して以来今に至っており,日本語とスベイン語のピジンである「長崎ピジン」はその例である。沖縄にも日本語と琉球語のピジンが存在する。1980年代以降は,都市で働く外国人労働者の間で「Gastarbeiter(外国人労働者・出稼ぎ)ピジン」が発達した。このような言語接触のなかには,琉球語と日本語の接触のような言語どうしの接触の例もあれば,同言語の亜種どうしの接触(例えば方言間接触)もある。より「軍事基地ピジン」は世界中で見られるもので,日本にも「浜松ピジン」などの例がそれにあたる。小笠原諸島は歴史的にも長く英語のコミュニティがあるが,ここではミクロネシア語,ポリネシア語,日本語,英語の言語接触が19世紀から始まった結果ピジンが形成された。本論は日本におけるピジン・クレオールの歴史の概略であるため,日本語と日本語手話などのピジンについては述べられていない。しかしこの歴史を見るだけでも,日本が多言語的環境にあることは明らかである。