- 著者
-
片山 勝茂
- 出版者
- 教育哲学会
- 雑誌
- 教育哲学研究 (ISSN:03873153)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.1999, no.79, pp.75-92, 1999-05-10 (Released:2010-05-07)
- 参考文献数
- 82
The theory of recollection in the Meno (TRM) has been generally interpreted as the theory 'that learning is recollection of knowledge acquired before birth' (Bluck). Recently Moravcsik and other scholars have argued that only 'learning taking the form of inquiry is recollection'. However, knowing consists of two distinct parts : inquiring and finding out, teaching and learning. 'Plato identifies knowledge with recollection' (Irwin).According to Guthrie, in TRM a distinction is made 'for the first time between empirical and a priori knowledge'. Only the latter (e.g.geometry) is the object of recollection, and genuine knowledge. However, this established view does not correspond with the text (81c5-9, 85c6-7, 97a-c). 'Someone who knows the road to Larisa' (97a9) has empirical knowledge. This is not an analogy, but a concrete example of knowledge (pace Bluck). Recollection covers all knowledge including skills and virtues.At 97-98, Plato distinguishes for the first time between true belief and knowledge. Only the latter is tied down by the considerration of reason (αιτιαζ λογισμοζ), and this is called 'recollection'. This shows Plato's exellent insight. A lot of scholars are 'wrong to restrict aitias logismos, and recollection as a whole, to reasoning relying on logical necessity' (Irwin).Plato insists that (a) all the slave-boy's answers were his own belief, and that (b) these beliefs were originally inside him. The point (a) is just, but does not guarantee (b). The point (b) is a fallacy. This has been the problem with TRM.The insights in Plato's TRM can contribute to modern pedagogy which is urged to reexamine learning itself.