著者

矢久保典良

雑誌

東洋学報 / The Toyo Gakuho

巻号頁・発行日

vol.97, no.4, pp.31-58, 2016-03

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During the 2nd Sino-Japanese War, the fact that life in Chinese Muslim communities centered around mosques (qingzhensi 清真寺) dispersed throughout the country by no means implies that Muslims were isolated from the political power and society outside their communities. The research to date on Muslims and Muslim communities during wartime mainly emphasizes the aspect of their anti-Japanese resistance activities, efforts to rescue the nation from foreign danger and their overall patriotism, in an effort to maximize their contributions to the Chinese war effort. However, for Muslims, the political environment created during wartime could not be separated with their daily lives and religion. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the many diverse aspects of the relationship between Muslims and the War.For example, during the War, the Chinese Islamic National Salvation Association (中国回教救国協会), a social and religious organization aiming at the integration of Muslim society through the management of mosques, was of the opinion that mosque management should attempt to link politics with religion. This article is an attempt to clarify the perceptions and programs of the Association about mosque management under wartime conditions, by focusing on the process by which its management system was put into effect. The ideals espoused by the NSF were reflected in its Methods for Mosque Management, a plan conceived in the midst of the Republic of China's attempts to deal with structural problems surrounding state religious regulation and internal mosque affairs during wartime. The Association looked upon insufficiencies in mosque management mechanisms as detrimental to improving how religious affairs were conducted and was of the opinion that its Methods of Management would overcome such insufficiencies. The Association's system first tried to advance the organization of individual Muslims and the integration of their internal affairs, an issue that had arisen during the early Republican era, through improvements in mosque management. Then there was the aspect of government supervision and regulation of Islam and its places of worship. Although the Association took the opportunity offered by the government's attempt to regulate religion to present its views concerning mosque management, its motivation was clearly based on the conviction that there were problems that needed solving within the internal affairs of mosques.