著者

福永 英雄

出版者

日本法政学会

雑誌

法政論叢 (ISSN:03865266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.1, pp.1-14, 2005-11-15

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Though the whole picture of the paper cannot be described here in this summary, the following points can be the keys to the problematics of the theme. So-called educational reforms have been transmitted down one after another in recent years. But the actors concerned themselves have seldom been able to participate in the policy-making processes. To maintain the autonomy of school education, we have to know the following mechanism. Firstly, the educational-academic system differs from, for example, the political system or the economic system. They have each different code. If we continually introduce the codes of the political system and the economic system into the educational-academic system, the educational-academic system will become another system. Secondly, independence of system has priority over other things, I insist. Without independence of the educational-academic system, academic freedom and the autonomy of school education will not function well. Thirdly, teachers can be more responsible for school education through deliberation-determination-substantiation in staff meetings. But 'school conferences' may have some possibility of being more public. At the foot of the paper, the prerequisite for 'sovereignty of actors concerned' will be mentioned briefly.

著者

福永 英雄

出版者

日本法政学会

雑誌

法政論叢 (ISSN:03865266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.1, pp.60-76, 2011

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The main purpose of this paper is to extend the 'environmental control theory'. Before we set about this kind of task, we need to ask and answer clearly this question: what is the true meaning of the concept 'positivism'? Most people are apt to think that 'positivism' means 'reports of facts found', and that the more trivial facts are reported, the better the paper (or the report) is. But that is a simple misunderstanding. The true meaning of 'positivism' in sciences is to prove the validity of a general theory, and, needless to say, general theories proved can be useful because they are generally valid. I insist that 'environmental control' is one of the most important perspectives for the purpose of general political theorization. Originally, Gilles Deleuze's "On the Controlled Society" [1990] was the beginning of 'the environmental control theories'. From then on, for example, Maurizio Lazzarato especially his La politica dell'evento [2004], Lawrence Lessig, especially his CODE Version 2.0 [2006], and Hiroki Azuma especially his The Theories on Informational Environment [2007]), have established 'the environmental control theories'. In this paper, firstly I review the history of 'the environmental control theories', secondly I try to mix 'Tadao Umesao's theory on civilization' an d 'risk and law theories' with 'the environmental control theories', and thirdly I propose 'the seven real modes of the environmental control'. At the end of this paper, I describe a brief vision and a brief strategy for the 'environmentally controlled world'.