著者

茂住 実男

出版者

教育史学会

雑誌

日本の教育史学 (ISSN:03868982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.4-24, 1969-10-10 (Released:2017-06-01)

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The English Teacing in our country was started in 1809. It was the event of the English warship, the Phaeton that was one of the effective causes of starting the English training. Because, for lack of mutual understanding caused by language difficulty, the happening of the Phaeton developed the serious menace, and BAKUFU (the Tokugawa Shognate) keenly felt the necessity of English Conversation and ordered to train it. For the national security the English training was begun. It was the English teaching for negotiations and conservative one for interpreters of Dutch, and was trained through a Dutchman, J. C. Blomhoff and books Written in Dutch. In 1848, by an American, Maconald, taught English through Hearing and Speaking, the umpractical Dutch English was improved and turned into the practical American English. This English training (through Hearing and Speaking) was still more extended and deepened by missionaries such J. C. Hepburn and S. R. Brown. And it developed into the English teaching by Oral Work. Attaching great importance to Hearing and Speaking, missionaries systematically taught English itself in EIGO-JUKU. On the other hand, another pattern of the English Teaching, namely, the germ of EIGAKU appeared. This germ rapidly developed as a result of the conclusion of ths treaties with America and England. In other words, having enterd into diplomatic relations with those two countries, and knowing our country as a backward one, BAKUFU and most clans (e. g., the SAGA clan, the SATSUMA clan.) postively promoted the English teaching and tried to improve the cultural backwardness. Their aim was to adopt and assimilate the Westero scientific knowledge and technology, such as military science, engineering, mathematics, chemistry and so on. Such English teaching, therefore, made light of Hearing, Speaking and Writing, and much of Reading. And it was carried out in SHIRABESHO, KAISEIJO -and HANGAKU, or EIGAKU-JUKU such as KEIO-GIJUKU,KOGYOKU-JUKU and so on. The English Teaching in our country, as is stated above, had been divided into two, "the EIGO-JUKU-English teaching" and "the EIGAKU-JUKU-English teaching." before the promulgation of GAKUSEI. And having been shown in Fukuzawa's view of the Western learning, our country made efforts to improve her backwardness and aim at her prosperity by adopting and assimilating rapidly the Western scientific knowledge and technology. As the result such a view of the Western learning, "the EIGAKU-JUKU-English teaching" which made much of only Reading rapidly developed [into the main current of The English Teaching in our country.