4 0 0 0 OA アメリカ合衆国における原爆投下認識-歴史教科書とエノラ・ゲイ論争の分析-
1 0 0 0 OA アメリカ歴史教科書における原爆投下のコンテクスト――第二次世界大戦,冷戦,核時代――
- 著者
- 藤田 怜史
- 出版者
- アメリカ学会
- 雑誌
- アメリカ研究 (ISSN:03872815)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.46, pp.127-146, 2012-03-25 (Released:2021-11-06)
This article examines the descriptions of the atomic bombings against Japan in the U. S. history textbooks. In particular, it focuses on historical contexts of the bombings, and clarifies how an understanding of or a debate on the bombings is framed. In order to do that, this study analyzes thirty-nine textbooks that are/were used in American secondary schools.According to the historical research, this article assumes that the historical contexts of the atomic bombings are World War II, the Cold War, and the nuclear age. Most of the history textbooks deal with World War II and the early Cold War in different chapters. On World War II, domestic matters and foreign issues are dealt with in separate sections. On foreign issues, the history textbooks incline to mainly describe military developments on the European front and the Far Eastern front. No history textbook deals with the nuclear age in a single chapter, and some recent textbooks describe it in a section or a head. Based on these facts, this article argues that the U. S. history textbooks in general do not consider the Nuclear Age as an important historical context.Then, where is the description of the atomic bombings placed? Most of the textbooks locate the description in a chapter about World War II and a section about the ending of the war or about the Pacific front, not the Cold War. This is the case with not only the military aspects of the bombings, but also the political aspects. Based on these facts, this article suggests that the history textbooks regard the bombings as a military tactic, and unquestionably connect the bombings with the ending of the war. Some recent textbooks point out the political aspects of the bombings, but they do not provide an adequate context.On the connection between the atomic bombings and the nuclear age, about a half of the textbooks that this article uses say that the bombings ushered the nuclear age. However, as stated above, the nuclear age is not considered as a historical context, and it is only two textbooks that explain the significance of the bombings in the nuclear age. Moreover, almost no textbook clearly connects the destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki with the image of the annihilation of the human beings in the nuclear age.As a result of the above analysis this article concludes that the U. S. history textbooks have a tendency to locate the atomic bombings in the context of World War II, especially in a military context. Historian Andrew Rotter points out that there is simplicity in the debate over the atomic bombings in the United States. This study suggests that the bombings in the textbooks reflect and affect this simplicity.
1 0 0 0 IR 第二次世界大戦期アメリカ合衆国の戦略爆撃作戦と戦時経済体制
- 著者
- 藤田 怜史
- 出版者
- 明治大学国際武器移転史研究所
- 雑誌
- 国際武器移転史 : The journal of Research Institute for the History of Global Arms Transfer (ISSN:24238538)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- no.11, pp.51-80, 2021-01
