著者

角田 勝久

出版者

ASSOCIATION FOR CALLIGRAPHIC STUDIES

雑誌

書学書道史研究 (ISSN:18832784)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2012, no.22, pp.95-112, 2012

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One of Aizu Yaichi's 會津八一 sobriquets was Konsai 渾齋, which was based on a tablet for which Wu Changshuo 呉昌碩 wrote the calligraphy. In other words, Aizu had a deep interest in Wu Changshuo. In this article, I accordingly examine the relationship between Aizu and Wu Changshuo.<br>  When one examines works by Aizu of which the date of composition is known, one finds works from the Taisho era that were produced on the basis of the layout of paintings with poetic inscriptions by Wu Changshuo. Further, some of his postwar poetic inscriptions for paintings consisting of <i>waka</i> 和歌 poems have been executed with innovative ideas by incorporating, for example, the layout of works by Wu Changshuo. When considered in this light, it could be said that from his forties in the Taisho era until his later years after the war Aizu regarded Wu Changshuo's works as an important object of consideration when producing his own works.<br>  In June 1949 Aizu had a talk at the head office of the publishing house Chuo Koronsha 中央公論社 with Qian Shoutie 錢痩鐵, a pupil of Wu Changshuo who was visiting Japan at the time. During their talk, Aizu put forward the view that true originality cannot be born from only imitating calligraphers of yore. In the past, calligraphers had spent the greater part of their training in copying the works of past masters. But Aizu flatly rejected this mode of practice to be seen in some calligraphers which was overly focused on imitating people of yore.<br>  When one reads this dialogue from 1949 it is evident that Aizu had recognized that originality is not born solely from imitation through the works of Wu Changshuo, who had devoted his life to the copying of the stone-drum inscriptions (<i>shiguwen</i> 石鼓文). In other words, according to Aizu, it was important to assimilate the classics, but at the same time a stance unshackled by them was necessary when composing one's own works. Wu Changshuo was for Aizu an object of consideration not only when producing his own works, but also for establishing his own ideas about the production of works of calligraphy.

著者

角田 勝久

出版者

書学書道史学会

雑誌

書学書道史研究 (ISSN:18832784)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2018, no.28, pp.71-84,101, 2018-10-31 (Released:2019-03-29)

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Ryokan (1758-1831), a Zen monk in the Edo period, is famous for his masterpieces such as “Hifumi, Iroha” and “Tenjotaifu.” However, his other large-scale work, “Judoku Goshasho” written on a large piece of paper (62.5 centimeters long and 329.4 centimeters wide) in large letters as high as 25 centimeters, remains relatively unknown.  After its introduction in Ryokansama Meihinten published in 1963, “Judoku Goshasho” disappeared from all following collections of Ryokan works and exhibitions. However, once it was listed in Ryokan Ibokushu, published by Tankosha Publishing Co. Ltd. in 2015 and exhibited after an interval of half a century at the exhibition “Jiaino Hito Ryokan” held at Okayama Prefectural Museum of Art in September the same year, the work attracted wide attention. “Judoku Goshasho” is also noticeable as it was obtained by an artist Rosanjin Kitaokoji (1883-1959) in 1938, who, inspired by the work, completed “Ryokan Shibyobu” written in large kaisho letters in 1941.  Against the traditional view that Rosanjin was deeply attached to Ryokan around 1938, reviews of Rosanjinʼs works listed in his collections of works revealed that he was already interested in Ryokan before 1927. After drawing a series of works which show his obsession to Ryokan, however, Rosanjin freed himself from the influence of calligraphies by Ryokan and completed “Iroha Byobu” with his original style in 1953 at the age of 70. This article concludes that Rosanjin’s “Iroha Byobu” is a result of close and detailed study of Ryokanʼs “Judoku Goshasho” by his side.

著者

角田 勝

出版者

一般社団法人日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学會論文集. B編 (ISSN:03875016)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.678, pp.346-353, 2003-02-25

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An experimental investigation of pulsating flow through a tapered curved tube is presented to study the blood flow in the aorta. The experiments are performed in a U-tube with the curvature radius ratio of 3.5 and including 50 percent reduction in the cross-sectional area between the inlet and the exit of the curved section. Laser Doppler velocity measurements are made for the Womersley number of 10, the mean Dean number of 400 and the flow rate ratio of 1. Flow visualizations are used to investigate qualitatively the nature of the flow, complementing the quantitative LDV measurements. The velocity profiles for the steady and pulsating flows in the tapered U-tube are compared with the corresponding results in a U-tube having a uniform cross-section. The striking effects of the tapering on the flow are exerted on the axial velocity profiles in the section from the latter half of the bend to the neighborhood of the inlet of a downstream tangent. A depression phenomena in the velocity profile appears at the position of smaller bend angle Ω and the degree of the depression against the cross-sectional averaged velocity is reduced. Strong secondary fluid motions occur near the bend exit and that leads a velocity profile to depress weakly in the downstream tangent. The value of β_m which indicates a uniformity in the velocity profiles decreases with an increase of Ω, but it rapidly increases just after the bend exit.