著者

酒寄 信幸 大隅 典子

出版者

日本脂質栄養学会

雑誌

脂質栄養学 (ISSN:13434594)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.14-20, 2018 (Released:2018-07-16)

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Arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are the principal n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the brain, respectively, and essential for proper brain development. Previous in vitro studies have revealed that ARA induces astrocytic differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs), and that DHA induces neuronal differentiation of NSCs. Thus, n-6 and n-3 PUFAs have different roles in brain development. Regarding the evaluation of in vivo roles of these PUFAs, the balance of n-6/n-3 PUFAs is considered to be important because these PUFAs compete each other in their synthesis, metabolism, and transport. Indeed, we have reported neurodevelopmental consequences of maternal consumption of an n-6-rich/n-3-poor diet in mice. We found that epoxy metabolites of ARA and DHA oppositely regulated the neurogenic-to-gliogenic fate transition of NSCs, and consequently they affected brain development. These findings are scientifically and socially important, because intake of seed oils, which are abundant in n-6 PUFAs, and that of fishes, which are abundant in n-3 PUFAs, have recently been increased and decreased, respectively, in many countries. In another study from our collaborators, a mouse model for schizophrenia has been proposed based on phenotypes of offspring derived from pregnant mice fed a PUFA-deficient diet. In the present review, we summarize the functions of dietary n-6 and n-3 PUFAs in brain development.

著者

酒寄 信幸 大隅 典子

出版者

公益財団法人 日本学術協力財団

雑誌

学術の動向 (ISSN:13423363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.4, pp.4_59-4_62, 2016-04-01 (Released:2016-08-05)

参考文献数

11

著者

酒寄 信幸

出版者

日本脂質栄養学会

雑誌

脂質栄養学 (ISSN:13434594)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.1, pp.7-14, 2022-03-31 (Released:2022-06-17)

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n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential nutrients for normal brain development and function. Linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) are the popular n-6 and n-3 PUFAs found in diet, and arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are the principal n-6 and n-3 PUFAs in the brain, respectively. ARA and DHA are rapidly deposited during brain development and are important regulators for embryonic neural stem cells. ARA and DHA share many enzymes in synthesis from the precursors, membrane phospholipid remodeling, and metabolism into lipid mediators, resulting in that ARA and DHA in the brain are generally competitive in these metabolic steps, and the dietary balance of n-6/n-3 PUFAs is considered to be important. However, intake of several vegetable oils, which are abundant in n-6 PUFAs, and that of fishes, which are abundant in n-3 PUFAs, have been increased and decreased, respectively, in many countries. I have recently reported that pregnant mice that consume a diet high in LA and low in ALA impairs neocortical development in the offspring by promoting the neurogenic-to-gliogenic fate transition of neural stem cells and also induces hedonic feeding behaviors in the offspring by upregulating midbrain dopaminergic system. In the present review, I summarize the functions of dietary n-6 and n-3 PUFAs in brain development.