著者
Iwami Shingo Sato Kei Morita Satoru Inaba Hisashi Kobayashi Tomoko Takeuchi Junko S. Kimura Yuichi Misawa Naoko Ren Fengrong Iwasa Yoh Aihara Kazuyuki Koyanagi Yoshio
出版者
Nature Publishing Group
雑誌
Scientific Reports (ISSN:20452322)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.5, 2015-07-17
被引用文献数
14

Among the four groups of HIV-1 (M ,N, O, and P), HIV-1M alone is pandemic and has rapidly expanded across the world. However, why HIV-1M has caused a devastating pandemic while the other groups remain contained is unclear. Interestingly, only HIV-1M Vpu, a viral protein, can robustly counteract human tetherin, which tethers budding virions. Therefore, we hypothesize that this property of HIV-1M Vpu facilitates human-to-human viral transmission. Adopting a multilayered experimental-mathematical approach, we demonstrate that HIV-1M Vpu confers a 2.38-fold increase in the prevalence of HIV-1 transmission. When Vpu activity is lost, protected human populations emerge (i.e., intrinsic herd immunity develops) through the anti-viral effect of tetherin. We also reveal that all Vpus of transmitted/founder HIV-1M viruses maintain anti-tetherin activity. These findings indicate that tetherin plays the role of a host restriction factor, providing 'intrinsic herd immunity', whereas Vpu has evolved in HIV-1M as a tetherin antagonist.
著者
Aihara Ikkyu Mizumoto Takeshi Otsuka Takuma Awano Hiromitsu Nagira Kohei Okuno Hiroshi G Aihara Kazuyuki
出版者
Nature Publishing Group
雑誌
Scientific reports (ISSN:20452322)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.4, 2014-01-27
被引用文献数
53

カエルの合唱の法則を数学と光計測を使って発見. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2014-01-27.
著者
Suetani Hiromichi Iba Yukito Aihara Kazuyuki
出版者
Published for the Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics and the Physical Society of Japan
雑誌
Progress of theoretical physics. Supplement (ISSN:03759687)
巻号頁・発行日
no.161, pp.340-343, 2006-04-20
参考文献数
11
被引用文献数
1

An approach based on the kernel methods for capturing the nonlinear interdependence between two signals is introduced. It is demonstrated that the proposed approach is useful for characterizing generalized synchronization with a successful simple example. An attempt to choose an optimal kernel parameter based on cross validation is also discussed.