- 著者
- Norifumi Shimizu Chiaki Hara
- 出版者
- The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
- 雑誌
- Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.43, no.8, pp.1279-1282, 2020-08-01 (Released:2020-08-01)
- 参考文献数
- 18
- 被引用文献数
- 1 3
Clinical studies, especially those in animal models, have provided evidence that chronic stress may play a role in the etiology of psychiatric diseases, such as depression. Because chronic stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, resulting in the excessive secretion of glucocorticoids, the chronic stimulation of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) may be involved in the pathogenesis of depression. To further investigate the relationship between GR activation and depression, we used the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX) and the GR antagonist mifepristone to examine the effects of chronic GR stimulation on the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity and serotonergic neurotransmission in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) of rats. Chronic treatment with DEX reduced locomotor activity during the dark phase, without changing overall activity patterns. Measuring the basal release of serotonin in the BLA, using in vivo microdialysis, confirmed that chronic treatment with DEX induced serotonergic hypofunction in the BLA. The co-administration of DEX with mifepristone effectively suppressed the depressive-like symptoms caused by chronic treatment with DEX. Our results provided further evidence for a relationship between GR and depression and suggest that the pharmacological blockade of GR may increase the effectiveness of conventional pharmacotherapies used to treat depression.
- 著者
- Chiaki Hara
- 出版者
- The Japanese Society for Mathematical Economics
- 雑誌
- 数理経済学会誌 (ISSN:24363162)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.1, pp.87-116, 2022 (Released:2022-03-31)
- 参考文献数
- 18
In the Capital Asset Pricing Model, we consider how introducing new tradable assets into markets will affect the prices of the existing ones. We prove that introducing new tradable assets decreases the market price of risk if the elasticity of the marginal rates of substitution of the mean for standard deviation with respect to the latter is greater than one for every consumer; the market price of risk increases if the elasticity is less than one; and the market price of risk is left unchanged if the elasticity is equal to one. The proof is based on the intermediate value theorem.