著者

Nobuto Nakanishi Takuya Takashima Jun Oto

出版者

The University of Tokushima Faculty of Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Medical Investigation (ISSN:13431420)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.1.2, pp.1-10, 2020 (Released:2020-05-02)

参考文献数

114

被引用文献数

19

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Critically ill patients exhibit prominent muscle atrophy, which occurs rapidly after ICU admission and leads to poor clinical outcomes. The extent of atrophy differs among muscles as follows: upper limb: 0.7%–2.4% per day, lower limb: 1.2%–3.0% per day, and diaphragm 1.1%–10.9% per day. This atrophy is caused by numerous risk factors such as inflammation, immobilization, nutrition, hyperglycemia, medication, and mechanical ventilation. Muscle atrophy should be monitored noninvasively by ultrasound at the bedside. Ultrasound can assess muscle mass in most patients, although physical assessment is limited to almost half of all critically ill patients due to impaired consciousness. Important strategies to prevent muscle atrophy are physical therapy and electrical muscular stimulation. Electrical muscular stimulation is especially effective for patients with limited physical therapy. Regarding diaphragm atrophy, mechanical ventilation should be adjusted to maintain spontaneous breathing and titrate inspiratory pressure. However, the sufficient timing and amount of nutritional intervention remain unclear. Further investigation is necessary to prevent muscle atrophy and improve long-term outcomes. J. Med. Invest. 67 : 1-10, February, 2020

著者

Yoshitoyo Ueno Koji Sato Kazuki Momota Hiroki Sato Yuki Nakano Yusuke Akimoto Toshiyuki Nunomura Natsuki Tane Taiga Itagaki Jun Oto

出版者

The University of Tokushima Faculty of Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Medical Investigation (ISSN:13431420)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.3.4, pp.266-272, 2022 (Released:2022-10-17)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

2

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Purpose : High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) is a new type of non-invasive respiratory support for acute respiratory failure patients. However, patients receiving HFNC often develop sleep disturbances. We therefore examined whether dexmedetomidine could preserve the sleep characteristics in patients who underwent HFNC. Patients and Methods : This was a pilot, randomized controlled study. We assigned critically ill patients treated with HFNC to receive dexmedetomidine (0.2 to 0.7 µg / kg / h, DEX group) or not (non-DEX group) at night (9:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.). Polysomnograms were monitored during the study period. The primary outcomes were total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency and duration of stage 2 non-rapid eye movement (stage N2) sleep. Results : Of the 28 patients who underwent randomization, 24 were included in the final analysis (12 patients per group). Dexmedetomidine increased the TST (369 min vs. 119 min, p = 0.024) and sleep efficiency (68% vs. 22%, P = 0.024). The duration of stage N2 was increased in the DEX group compared with the non-DEX group, but this finding did not reach statistical significance. The incidences of respiratory depression and hemodynamic instability were similar between the two groups. Conclusions : In critically ill patients who underwent HFNC, dexmedetomidine may optimize the sleep quantity without any adverse events. J. Med. Invest. 69 : 266-272, August, 2022