著者
Kakui Keiichi Kajihara Hiroshi Kobayashi Norio
出版者
The Crustacean Society
雑誌
Journal of Crustacean Biology (ISSN:02780372)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.1, pp.127-139, 2012-01
被引用文献数
10

Lack of an ischium on pereiopods 1–6 was previously considered a synapomorphy for the tanaidacean superfamily Tanaoidea, although descriptions of Arctotanais alascensis (Richardson, 1899), the sole species in Arctotanais, indicated presence or absence of the ischium. To resolve this ambiguity, we examined newly collected specimens of A. alascensis (including males, which had not previously been described) from Hokkaido, Japan, using light and scanning electron microscopy. We also conducted molecular phylogenetic analyses based on partial sequences of the 18S rRNA gene to examine the phylogenetic position of A. alascensis. Here we describe in detail the morphology of the male of A. alascensis, which proved to be similar to that of the females. This species bears an ischium on pereiopods 1–6, which contradicts the current diagnoses of Tanaoidea and Tanaidae, although other synapomorphies remain valid. Molecular phylogenetic analyses strongly supported the placement of A. alascensis in Tanaoidea, and consequently we amended the diagnoses for Tanaoidea and Tanaidae to include either presence or absence of the ischium on the pereiopods.
著者
小林 憲夫 KOBAYASHI Norio
巻号頁・発行日
vol.21, pp.73-88, 2014-12-25
著者
Kakui Keiichi Katoh Toru Hiruta Shimpei F. Kobayashi Norio Kajihara Hiroshi
雑誌
Zoological Science (ISSN:02890003)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.10, pp.749-757, 2011
被引用文献数
34

Phylogenetic relationships within Tanaidacea were analyzed based on sequence data for the 18S rRNA gene. Our results strongly supported a monophyletic group composed of Neotanaidae, Tanaoidea, and Paratanaoidea, with the first two taxa forming a clade. These results contradict three previously suggested hypotheses of relationships. Based on the molecular results, and considering morphological similarities/differences between Neotanaidomorpha and Tanaidomorpha, we demoted Suborder Neotanaidomorpha to Superfamily Neotanaoidea within Tanaidomorpha; with this change, the classification of extant tanaidaceans becomes a two-suborder, four-superfamily system. This revision required revision of the diagnoses for Tanaidomorpha and its three superfamilies. The results for Apseudomorpha were ambiguous: this taxon was monophyletic in the maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses, but paraphyletic in the maximum parsimony and minimum evolution analyses.
著者
Kobayashi Norio
出版者
駒沢女子大学
雑誌
駒沢女子大学研究紀要 (ISSN:13408631)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, pp.55-78, 2002-12-24

現在1080/24P(またはHD24P)という技術が注目を浴びている。それはデジタルハイビジョン方式により十分な解像度を得たビデオテクノロジーと、毎秒24コマ(24fs=24 frame per second)という映画だけが持つフレームレートの世界を両立させる規格である。映像の世界において24fsは、ある意味では非常に中途半端な速度である。それにも拘らずなぜ、1080/24Pがこれほど注目されるのであろうか。その回答のひとつに「フィルムライク」という表現がある。フィルムライクという言葉にはどんな意味が存在するのだろうか。こうしたさまざまな疑問に対して、一般的なビデオ技術の側からでなく、映画技術および映画表現の側から捉えなおすことにより、より具体的な理解と、映画・ビデオを含む映像技術および表現の将来を描くことが本論のテーマである。24fsはいかにして構築されたか、それは理想的な数値なのか、そして映画とテレビと軸とする現代の映像世界は24fsとどのように拘わっているかを考察することにより、映像技術の「現在」を正確に把握していきたい。それはまさしく、24P以外の選択肢による新しい映画作りの可能性への示唆にもなると考えるからである。Nowadays, many people engaged in both video and film industry are paying attention to a ground-breaking video technology called the 1080/24P (1920 1080 square pixels and 24 progressive frames per second) format. This is a happy compromise from a video technology being able to reach enough resolution with 1080/60i digital Hi-Vision (HDTV) format and a characteristic frame-rate of 24fs (frame per second) in the movie world. The 24 frame-rate is a somewhat strange ratio from the viewpoint of 30 frame-rate video world, but the 1080/24P technology has recently become a major topic. One of the reasons is represented by one magic word, "film-like". This paper will discuss the relationship between the word of "film-like" and the specific number of 24fs by examining historical facts, events and also technical back-grounds. I believe this information will show us an actual visual world and suggest the possibility of another way of making films.