- 著者
- Miho Sakakibara Yosuke Maeda Kazuichi Nakamura
- 出版者
- The Japanese Society of Toxicology
- 雑誌
- The Journal of Toxicological Sciences (ISSN:03881350)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.47, no.8, pp.327-336, 2022 (Released:2022-08-01)
- 参考文献数
- 29
We used an abortion-prone mouse model, generated by mating female CBA/J mice with male DBA/2JJcl mice, to examine the effects of changes in the Th1/Th2 cell ratio and the percentage of regulatory T (Treg) cells on the maintenance of pregnancy. We subcutaneously injected female CBA/J mice once each with 50 μg/mouse of Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) extract and the squalene-based adjuvant (SquA); 10 days later, these mice were mated with male DBA/2JJcl mice. Compared with injection of vehicle or adjuvant, the Df treatment decreased the Th1/Th2 cell ratio and concomitantly increased the percentage of Treg cells in the spleen. In addition, fetal death rates were decreased. We then explored a substance which shifted the Th1/Th2 balance toward Th1 side. We found that 50 μg/mouse of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) increased the splenic Th1/Th2 cell ratio of nonpregnant female CBA/J mice. We subcutaneously injected female CBA/J mice with KLH and SquA; 10 days later, these mice were mated with male DBA/2JJcl mice. Compared with injection of vehicle or adjuvant, treatment with KLH enhanced the Th1 bias during pregnancy and increased the fetal death rate. The percentage of Treg cells, however, was increased in these KLH-injected pregnant mice contrary to our presumption. All collected data showed strong positive correlation between the Th1/Th2 cell ratio and fetal death rate. The increase in Treg cells independent of effects on the fetal death rate suggests that Treg cells do not necessarily induce maternal tolerance to the fetus but may prevent excessive Th1/Th2 imbalance during pregnancy.
- 著者
- Ryo Kamata Fujio Shiraishi Kazuichi Nakamura
- 出版者
- The Japanese Society of Toxicology
- 雑誌
- The Journal of Toxicological Sciences (ISSN:03881350)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.45, no.3, pp.131-136, 2020 (Released:2020-03-06)
- 参考文献数
- 12
- 被引用文献数
- 1 5
Reproductive disorders in birds are the most characteristic effects of DDT contamination of wildlife. Experimental exposure of avian eggs to the estrogenic substance o,p′-DDT causes abnormal development of the reproductive tract (shortening of the left oviduct and aberrant development of the right oviduct) and eggshell thinning in mature birds, but it is still not known how eggshell thinning occurs in the abnormal oviduct. To fill this information gap, we examined the histology of the uterine part of the oviduct in Japanese quail treated in ovo with o,p′-DDT or a synthetic estrogen, diethylstilbestrol (DES), and we performed immunohistochemical staining for the calcium-binding proteins CALB1, SPP1, and TRPV6. Both o,p′-DDT-treated and DES-treated quail had few, and scattered, gland cells in the left uterus, unlike vehicle controls, in which gland cells tightly occupied the lamina propria. The aberrantly developed right uterus retained all the components of the normal left uterus, but in immature form. Immunostaining for CALB1, SPP1, and TRPV6 was greatly reduced by both o,p′-DDT and DES; SPP1 and TRPV6 immunostaining patterns, in particular, differed distinctly from those in the controls. These findings suggest that CALB1, SPP1, and TRPV6 are molecular factors, decreased production of which is responsible for eggshell thinning. Our findings also could contribute to understanding of the eggshell formation mechanism in birds.