著者

Hikaru Teramoto Naohide Hirashima Masahiko Tanaka

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.4, pp.547-551, 2022-04-01 (Released:2022-04-01)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

3

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Enteric glial cells (EGCs) have been recognized as an important cell type constituting the enteric nervous system. EGCs control intestinal function and homeostasis through interactions with enteric neurons, epithelial cells and immune cells. To clarify the roles of EGCs in intestinal function and homeostasis, especially through secretion of and response to physiologically active substances, purified EGCs in primary culture have great advantages as an experimental tool. However, contamination by other cell types, fibroblasts in particular, is problematic in conventional primary myenteric culture. Previous methods to purify primary EGCs take a long time (over one month), are expensive, and are labor intensive. In the present study, we sought to purify primary EGCs from mouse small intestine by a simpler method than previous ones. After trying various protocols, we have established a method combining serum-free treatment and scraping fibroblasts off with a pipette tip. With our method, a purity of more than 90% EGCs was achieved after 14-d primary culture. Thus, our method is useful for investigating the roles of EGCs in intestinal function and homeostasis in detail in vitro.

著者

Maya Fujita Takaki Yagi Umi Okura Jun’ichi Tanaka Naohide Hirashima Masahiko Tanaka

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.5, pp.786-796, 2018-05-01 (Released:2018-05-01)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

9

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Although calcineurin is abundantly expressed in the nervous system and involved in neurite extension and synaptic plasticity in neurons, little is known about its roles in glial cells. To investigate the roles of calcineurin in glial cells, we generated glial calcineurin B1-conditional knockout (CKO) mice and analyzed the abnormalities in the small intestine. The CKO mice were generated by crossing floxed calcineurin B1 mice with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-Cre mice. The CKO mice exhibited growth retardation approximately from the third postnatal week and died mostly within the fourth postnatal week. The small intestine of the CKO mice was thin and hemorrhagic. The mucosal layer was degenerated and GFAP expression was reduced in the CKO small intestine. These pathological changes were associated with inflammation and increased intestinal permeability. In contrast, no apparent abnormalities were observed in the large intestine of the CKO mice. Nuclear factor of activated T cells failed to translocate into the nucleus after stimulation in enteric glial cells of the CKO small intestine. In conclusion, the calcineurin B1 deficiency in glial cells impairs the small intestine and leads to malnutrition and eventual death in mice, suggesting that calcineurin plays a novel and important role in enteric glial cells.

著者

Masahiko TANAKA Hangfeng LUO Shuhei INADA Akihiro NAKATSUKA

出版者

ISCM Forum

雑誌

Innovation and Supply Chain Management (ISSN:21870969)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.25-31, 2013-03-31 (Released:2014-04-02)

参考文献数

20

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In this paper, we consider the customer call center operation which is one of the personal computer enduser services. We deal with the problem as a case study where the optimal allocation of the call center staffwhich is called agents is determined. This previous proposed model was to provide the optimal agents' allocation for the call center service based on queuing (Erlang loss formula) [18, 19] and linear programming theory [20]. Here, besides it,we're going to address or examine the mode, considering the queuing space of not-using phones or the phones that no agents are using and the repeated calls that the customers would call when they couldn't reach any agents directly or immediately, and they couldn't even get into the queuing space of not-using phones. Then we show the effectiveness or the extent of the effectiveness of the model.

著者

Toshiro NAGASE Koichi MOMMA Takahiro KURIBAYASHI Masahiko TANAKA

出版者

Japan Association of Mineralogical Sciences

雑誌

Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences (ISSN:13456296)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.108, no.2, pp.87-93, 2013 (Released:2013-05-03)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

2

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Lutecite is an aggregate of microcrystalline silica; its variety with a hexagon form is known as hexalite. Textures of lutecite and hexalite from the Arz-Bord Range, in northwestern Gobi, Mongolia, and from Banyan-obo, China, were observed by optical microscopy, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cross sections of lutecite and hexalite observed through optical microscopy show fibrous textures. TEM observations revealed that the quartz crystals constituting each fiber exhibit irregular shapes elongated parallel to [212], which is nearly perpendicular to (101); a width of 0.5 μm; and length of a few micrometers. The results of selected area electron diffraction analyses show that the fiber bundles have V-shaped cross textures, and the crystals are twinned according to the Reichenstein-Grieserntal law. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates a total moganite content of approximately 10 wt% in this lutecite aggregate, and moganite appears as irregular-shaped domains within quartz under high-resolution TEM.