- 著者
- Yasuhisa Ano Akikazu Sakudo Ryuta Uraki Juri Kono Masayoshi Yukawa Takashi Onodera
- 出版者
- 内閣府食品安全委員会
- 雑誌
- Food Safety (ISSN:21878404)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.1, no.1, pp.2013005-2013005, 2013 (Released:2013-11-20)
- 参考文献数
- 51
- 被引用文献数
- 3
Infectious prion diseases include Kuru and its variant, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, in humans, scrapie in sheep, and bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle. In these diseases, the pathogenic prion protein (PrPSc) enters the host through the gastrointestinal tract and migrates to the central nervous system, where PrPSc induces characteristic pathological changes. The mechanisms underlying this intercellular transfer are not fully understood. After oral administration, PrPSc withstands the digestive process and may be incorporated by microfold cells (M cells) or villous columnar epithelial cells in the intestine. Based on Western Blot with specific markers, liquid chromatography, and morphological analysis, the cellular prion protein (PrPC) and PrPSc in the cells are associated with exosomes, membranous vesicles that are secreted upon fusion of multivesicular endosomes with the plasma membranes. Exosomes may play a role in PrP transportation through intestinal epithelium. Cells may exploit the nature of endosome-derived exosomes to communicate with each other in normal and pathological situations, providing for a novel route of cell-to-cell communication and therefore of pathogen transmission in the intestinal epithelium. In addition, since most bovine spongiform encephalopathy cases were exposed to the agent in the first six months of life, developmental alteration of the intestinal defense and immune system may also be involved in the susceptibility to infection.
- 著者
- Momoko TANIGAWA Yukita SATO Hiroko EJIRI Takayuki IMURA Rei CHIBA Hanae YAMAMOTO Makoto KAWAGUCHI Yoshio TSUDA Koichi MURATA Masayoshi YUKAWA
- 出版者
- 公益社団法人 日本獣医学会
- 雑誌
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.12-0359, (Released:2012-10-31)
- 被引用文献数
- 3 19
We investigated for the first time the prevalence of avian haemosporidia of genera Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, and Leucocytozoon among birds and mosquitoes on Tsushima Island of Japan, which is located between Japan and the Korean Peninsula. Of 55 wild birds belonging to 33 species, 16 (29.1%) tested positive for haemosporidia as follows: Plasmodium spp. (11/55; 20.0%); Haemoproteus spp. (2/55; 3.6%); and Leucocytozoon spp. (3/55; 5.5%). A genetic lineage isolated from the Eurasian Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) was identical to that of the known avian malaria parasite P. circumflexum. Several genetic lineages were identical or closely related to the parasite lineages that were previously detected in birds and mosquitoes in Japan and Korea. Another single identical genetic lineage was also detected in both migratory and resident birds. A total of 753 mosquitoes from 12 species were collected; and one fully fed Aedes albopictus was positive for avian Plasmodium (1/753; 0.13%) which is identical to a genetic lineage detected in both mosquitoes in Japan and birds in Korea. Blood-meal identifications of blood-fed mosquitoes showed direct contact between the mosquitoes and 4 species of mammals including humans, cattle, rodents, and the endangered Tsushima leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilura). Migratory birds use Tsushima Island as a site for wintering, breeding, and resting, and our results suggest the transmission of avian haematozoa between resident and migratory birds during their stay on Tsushima Island.