- 著者
- Shigeru Sugiyama Kenji Wakisaka Kenta Imanishi Masashi Kurashina Naohiro Shimoda Masahiro Katoh Jhy-Chern Liu
- 出版者
- The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan
- 雑誌
- JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN (ISSN:00219592)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.52, no.9, pp.778-782, 2019-09-20 (Released:2019-09-20)
- 参考文献数
- 17
- 被引用文献数
- 10
To obtain calcium phosphates—a phosphate rock equivalent—from the incineration ash of chicken manure, which is obtained from power generation systems that use the manure as fuel, the incineration ash was treated with an aqueous solution of nitric acid to elute phosphorus. By using 0.3 M HNO3, most of the phosphorus could be eluted from 1.0 g of ash within 0.1 h. Unlike in the case of composted chicken manure which was previously examined in our laboratory, the concentration of HNO3 was increased for elution from the incineration ash. The use of incineration ash of chicken manure enabled the removal of inorganic species at a lower boiling or sublimation temperature, and organic species by calcination in the power generation system. The phosphorus contents of the incineration ash and nitric acid extract were higher than that of composted chicken manure. XRD analysis showed that the treatment of the obtained nitric acid extract with aqueous NH3 yielded a precipitate of poorly-crystallized calcium hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2), which is one of the main components of phosphate rock. To confirm the formation and purity of calcium phosphate species, precipitation calcination was conducted at 1,078 K for 5 h. XRD analysis revealed that the calcined solid was tricalcium phosphate, and no contamination was evident. These results reveal that a phosphate rock equivalent could be easily obtained from the incineration ash of chicken manure, which implies that approximately 14% of the phosphate rock that is currently being imported into Japan could be replaced by this product.
- 著者
- Shigeru Sugiyama Akihiko Koizumi Takahisa Iwaki Naohiro Shimoda Yuki Kato Wataru Ninomiya
- 出版者
- The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan
- 雑誌
- JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN (ISSN:00219592)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.55, no.9, pp.290-299, 2022-09-20 (Released:2022-09-20)
- 参考文献数
- 32
- 被引用文献数
- 2
The dehydrogenation of isobutane to isobutene was accomplished using a NiO/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. Furthermore, significant improvement in the time-on-stream yield of isobutene was achieved. During the normal catalytic dehydrogenation of alkanes, the catalyst is covered by carbon deposition generated during the reaction, which significantly reduces the activity with time-on-stream. Therefore, no examples of the catalytic dehydrogenation of isobutane have yet been reported. This study used either ethane or propane as a source of isobutane to examine whether the activity was improved with time-on-stream. As a result, in the dehydrogenations of both ethane and propane on a NiO/γ-Al2O3 catalyst, the catalytic activity decreased with time-on-stream when the supporting amount of NiO was small. In contrast, when the supporting amount of NiO was large, the catalytic activity improved with time-on-stream. Using a NiO/γ-Al2O3 catalyst with small and large NiO loadings led to similar results to those of isobutane dehydrogenation. In addition, it was confirmed that the dehydrogenation activity was improved with time-on-stream in the catalytic dehydrogenations of ethane, propane, and isobutane using high NiO loadings. The behavior using a moderate amount of NiO loading, which was not detected in the dehydrogenation of isobutane, was also observed, which resulted in a maximum yield of either ethylene or propylene at 2.0 or 3.25 h on-stream, respectively. We concluded that the reason the catalytic activity did not improve with time-on-stream when using a NiO/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was because the supporting amount of NiO was negligible. These results demonstrate that the activity with time-on-stream could also be improved in the dehydrogenations of other alkanes.