著者

Naoko Takeo Masashi Nakamura Satoshi Nakayama Osamu Okamoto Naoki Sugimoto Shinichi Sugiura Nayu Sato Susumu Harada Masao Yamaguchi Naoya Mitsui Yumiko Kubota Kayoko Suzuki Makoto Terada Akiyo Nagai Junko Sowa-Osako Yutaka Hatano Hiroshi Akiyama Akiko Yagami Sakuhei Fujiwara Kayoko Matsunaga

出版者

Japanese Society of Allergology

雑誌

Allergology International (ISSN:13238930)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.4, pp.496-505, 2018 (Released:2018-10-18)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

33

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Background: Cochineal dye is used worldwide as a red coloring in foods, drinks, cosmetics, quasi-drugs, and drugs. The main component of the red color is carminic acid (CA). Carmine is an aluminum- or calcium-chelated product of CA. CA and carmine usually contain contaminating proteins, including a 38-kDa protein thought to be the primary allergen. Severe allergic reactions manifest as anaphylaxis. The aim of this study was to review all Japanese reported cases and propose useful diagnostic chart.Methods: All reported Japanese cases of cochineal dye-induced immediate allergy were reviewed, and newly registered cases were examined by skin prick test (SPT) with cochineal extract (CE) and measurement of CE and carmine-specific serum IgE test. Two-dimensional (2D) western blotting using patient serum was conducted to identify the antigen.Results: Twenty-two Japanese cases have been reported. SPT and the level of specific IgE test indicated that six cases should be newly registered as cochineal dye allergy. All cases were adult females, and all cases except three involved anaphylaxis; 13 cases involved past history of local symptoms associated with cosmetics use. Japanese strawberry juice and fish-meat sausage, and European processed foods (especially macarons made in France) and drinks were recent major sources of allergen. 2D western blotting showed that patient IgE reacted to the 38-kDa protein and other proteins. Serum from healthy controls also weakly reacted with these proteins.Conclusions: SPT with CE and determination of the level of CE and carmine-specific IgE test are useful methods for the diagnosis of cochineal dye allergy.

著者

Nahoko Uchiyama Junko Hosoe Naoki Sugimoto Kyoko Ishizuki Tatsuo Koide Mika Murabayashi Naoto Miyashita Kengo Kobayashi Yoshinori Fujimine Toshiyuki Yokose Katsuya Ofuji Hitoshi Shimizu Takashi Hasebe Yumi Asai Eri Ena Junko Kikuchi Kohei Kiyota Kazuhiro Fujita Yoshinobu Makino Naoko Yasobu Yoshiaki Iwamoto Toru Miura Koji Mizui Katsuo Asakura Takako Suematsu Hitomi Muto Ai Kohama Takashi Goto Masu Yasuda Tomohiko Ueda Yukihiro Goda

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.7, pp.630-638, 2021-07-01 (Released:2021-07-01)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

5

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Recently, quantitative NMR (qNMR), especially 1H-qNMR, has been widely used to determine the absolute quantitative value of organic molecules. We previously reported an optimal and reproducible sample preparation method for 1H-qNMR. In the present study, we focused on a 31P-qNMR absolute determination method. An organophosphorus compound, cyclophosphamide hydrate (CP), listed in the Japanese Pharmacopeia 17th edition was selected as the target compound, and the 31P-qNMR and 1H-qNMR results were compared under three conditions with potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) or O-phosphorylethanolamine (PEA) as the reference standard for 31P-qNMR and sodium 4,4-dimethyl-4-silapentanesulfonate-d6 (DSS-d6) as the standard for 1H-qNMR. Condition 1: separate sample containing CP and KH2PO4 for 31P-qNMR or CP and DSS-d6 for 1H-qNMR. Condition 2: mixed sample containing CP, DSS-d6, and KH2PO4. Condition 3: mixed sample containing CP, DSS-d6, and PEA. As conditions 1 and 3 provided good results, validation studies at multiple laboratories were further conducted. The purities of CP determined under condition 1 by 1H-qNMR at 11 laboratories and 31P-qNMR at 10 laboratories were 99.76 ± 0.43 and 99.75 ± 0.53%, respectively, and those determined under condition 3 at five laboratories were 99.66 ± 0.08 and 99.61 ± 0.53%, respectively. These data suggested that the CP purities determined by 31P-qNMR are in good agreement with those determined by the established 1H-qNMR method. Since the 31P-qNMR signals are less complicated than the 1H-qNMR signals, 31P-qNMR would be useful for the absolute quantification of compounds that do not have a simple and separate 1H-qNMR signal, such as a singlet or doublet, although further investigation with other compounds is needed.

著者

Nahoko Uchiyama Junko Hosoe Naoki Sugimoto Kyoko Ishizuki Tatsuo Koide Mika Murabayashi Naoto Miyashita Kengo Kobayashi Yoshinori Fujimine Toshiyuki Yokose Katsuya Ofuji Hitoshi Shimizu Takashi Hasebe Yumi Asai Eri Ena Junko Kikuchi Kohei Kiyota Kazuhiro Fujita Yoshinobu Makino Naoko Yasobu Yuko Yamada Yoshiaki Iwamoto Toru Miura Koji Mizui Katsuo Asakura Takako Suematsu Ai Kohama Yukihiro Goda

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.1, pp.118-123, 2021-01-01 (Released:2021-01-01)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

10

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Quantitative NMR (qNMR) is applied to determine the absolute quantitative value of analytical standards for HPLC-based quantification. We have previously reported the optimal and reproducible sample preparation method for qNMR of hygroscopic reagents, such as saikosaponin a, which is used as an analytical standard in the assay of crude drug section of Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP). In this study, we examined the absolute purity determination of a hygroscopic substance, indocyanine green (ICG), listed in the Japanese Pharmaceutical Codex 2002, using qNMR for standardization by focusing on the adaptation of ICG to JP. The purity of ICG, as an official non-Pharmacopoeial reference standard (non-PRS), had high variation (86.12 ± 2.70%) when preparing qNMR samples under non-controlled humidity (a conventional method). Additionally, residual ethanol (0.26 ± 0.11%) was observed in the non-PRS ICG. Next, the purity of non-PRS ICG was determined via qNMR when preparing samples under controlled humidity using a saturated sodium bromide solution. The purity was 84.19 ± 0.47% with a lower variation than that under non-controlled humidity. Moreover, ethanol signal almost disappeared. We estimated that residual ethanol in non-PRS ICG was replaced with water under controlled humidity. Subsequently, qNMR analysis was performed when preparing samples under controlled humidity in a constant temperature and humidity box. It showed excellent results with the lowest variation (82.26 ± 0.19%). As the use of a constant temperature and humidity box resulted in the lowest variability, it is recommended to use the control box if the reference ICG standard is needed for JP assays.

著者

Yusai Ito Naoki Harikai Kyoko Ishizuki Kazufusa Shinomiya Naoki Sugimoto Hiroshi Akiyama

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.c17-00404, (Released:2017-07-01)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

4

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Cochineal extract prepared from the scale insect Dactylopus coccus (American cochineal) has been used as a natural red dye for food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. The major pigment in cochineal extract is carminic acid (CA), an anthraquinone glucoside, and several minor pigments have been previously reported. Our investigation aimed at establishing the safety of cochineal dye products using UPLC-PDA-ESI-TOF/MS found an unknown minor pigment, spiroketalcarminic acid (1), in three commercial cochineal extract samples; cochineal extract used in food additives, carmine that is an aluminum salt of cochineal extract used as natural dye, and a research reagent of CA. The purification of 1 from cochineal extract involved sequential chromatographic techniques, including preparative reversed-phase HPLC. 2D NMR and mass analyses established the structure of 1 to be a novel anthraquinone with an unusual 6,5-spiroketal system instead of the C-glucosyl moiety of CA. The absolute stereochemistry of the spiroketal moiety in 1 was determined by NOESY correlations and optical rotation. No data corresponding to 1 had previously been reported for extracts of dried cochineal insects and traditional art products dyed with cochineal extract, indicating that 1 is likely produced during the preparation of commercial cochineal extract.

著者

Naoki SUGIMOTO Shu-ichi Nakano

出版者

公益社団法人 日本化学会

雑誌

化学と教育 (ISSN:03862151)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.7, pp.398-401, 2003-07-20 (Released:2017-07-11)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

1

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人から人が産まれたり,子供が親に似るのは,形質が遺伝するためである。この遺伝という現象を化学の視点から捉えられるようになったのは,ここ50年のことである。この遺伝の本質を化学的に理解することは,病気の発症や予防などとの関連で注目を集めており,様々な生物に対して遺伝子の解明が進められている。ここでは,遺伝子の本体であるDNAの化学的な性質について説明し,DNAが遺伝物質である理由とその役割について解説する。