著者

荻原 彰 人見 久城 OGIHARA Akira HITOMI Hisaki

出版者

三重大学教育学部

雑誌

三重大学教育学部研究紀要. 自然科学・人文科学・社会科学・教育科学・教育実践 (ISSN:18802419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, pp.245-255, 2016-03-22

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The University of Delaware (UD) is recognized as a center of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in the U.S.A. Typically, PBL involves three-stage problem solving. Initially, a problem is presented to students, who then discuss along with learning issues, and report the results. The students then discuss the first problem again, and a second problem is presented. The process then proceeds in the same way to a third problem. Good PBL problems are the key to success of PBL. Problems should motivate students to gain a deep understanding, arrive at judgements based on facts and logic, and promote cooperation among students. The First problem should be open-ended and the content objectives should be incorporated into problems. At the UD, ingenious attempts have been made to promote PBL in groups. For example, setting ground rules to prevent "free riders", specifying the roles of group members, systems for mutual evaluation, peer facilitation, and combinations of group discussion and mini-lectures. The success of PBL at the UD is attributable to a bottom-up approach, sound administrative support and faculty development. The tasks remaining for PBL at the UD include how to cope with the extra load on the faculty, and students feel alienated from PBL.

著者

稲守 将基 荻原 彰 INAMORI Masaki OGIHARA Akira

出版者

日本環境教育学会

雑誌

環境教育 (ISSN:09172866)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.47-57, 2009-12-15

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For this study, a questionnaire survey of cooperation between elementary schools and civic groups in environmental education was conducted. Civic groups and teachers of elementary schools in Aichi Prefecture, Gifu Prefecture, and Mie Prefecture were surveyed. The main results of this research are as follows. 1. Teachers rely on informal information, and are not using coordinators enough. 2. Programs are often done during the period for integrated study, but much of the program content concerns science. 3. Meetings are often done before cooperation, but preliminary inspection of fields is not done very much. 4. Learning outcomes are not shared enough. 5. Teachers and civic groups are having difficulty in adjusting time, and civic groups feel difficulty in communication with the teachers. 6. Civic groups keenly hope for communication with the teachers. 7. Teachers and the civic groups often hope for cooperation in the region. 8. Teachers hope for systematic education. The following proposals are given based on the situation described above: 1. It is necessary to promote coordination. 2. It is necessary to expand cooperation to the subjects. It is necessary to increase jointly developed programs. 3. It is necessary to secure time for preparing and evaluating cooperation.