著者

小方 孝 堀 浩一 大須賀 節雄 Takashi Ogata Koichi Hori Setsuo Ohsuga

雑誌

人工知能学会誌 = Journal of Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence (ISSN:09128085)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.1, pp.148-159, 1996-01-01

---

In this paper, we describe a basic framework of the narrative generation system for supporting human creative tasks. The narrative generation process by computer is divided into the conceptual representation level and the surface language generation level, and we deal with only the former level here. The conceptual representation is divided into three aspects; story, plot, and construction. While the story is an events sequence that was arranged according to a temporal order, the plot is an events sequence that was reorganized by an order which each event is introduced into a narrative. These three levels in a narrative are constructed as tree structures. Terminal nodes in the tree structures are events and all nodes other than them are relations that connect subordinate nodes. Narrative generation is performed by expanding or transforming a tree structure. In the story and construction generation, the system enlarges each tree by expanding events or partial trees using appropriate relations, and in the plot generation, a story tree is transformed into a plot tree through the connection relations among nodes in it are rearranged. We call narrative techniques the procedures to expand a tree through applying relations to nodes or to transform a tree using actors" viewpoints or plot patterns. On the other hand, we call narrative strategies the rules to decide a current executable narrative technique and the node to which it is applyed according to narrative parameters that define the features of a narrative to be generated through narrative generation process. The system generates a narrative by executing appropriate narrative techniques under the control of narrative strategies based on a set of events and narrative parameters were given by user. This narrative generation mechanism has some remarkable characteristics. First, the system can flexibly generate a variety of narratives from one input. Next, the system has an ability that integrates a variety of theories or knowledge representations and that extends the system itself. These advantages are relate to clear separation among narrative techniques, narrative strategies, and knowledge base. Lastly, by above reason, the system has potentiality that can use for various purposes. We can change or add each modules in it to apply to specific areas.

著者

IZUMI NAKAMURA MASASHI KANAZAWA YU SATO ATSUSHI IRISAWA TADAYUKI TAKAGI TAKASHI OGATA SHOGO KASHIMURA AKIRA KENJO HIROYUKI SUZUKI MASAHIKO SHIBATA TATSUO SHIMURA HIROMASA OHIRA MITSUKAZU GOTO SEIICHI TAKENOSHITA HITOSHI OHTO

出版者

福島医学会

雑誌

FUKUSHIMA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE (ISSN:00162590)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.40-48, 2012 (Released:2012-06-28)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

4 7 5

---

Dendritic cells (DCs) are powerful antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that have attracted attention in recent years from the viewpoint of DC vaccine therapy against cancer. However, the existence of a strongly immunosuppressed state in cancer-bearing individuals inhibits DC maturation, which is one of the problems facing anti-cancer DC vaccine therapy. Isolated DCs loaded with tumor antigen ex vivo and administered as a cellular vaccine have been found to induce protective and therapeutic anti-tumor immunity in experimental animals. In clinical trials of DC vaccination for cancer patients, induction of anti-tumor immune responses and tumor regression has been observed. In this study, eighty-one advanced cancer patients unsuccessfully treated by established treatment in individual cases were selected between January 2002 and May 2007 at Fukushima Medical University. The usefulness of DC therapy was investigated by intradermal injection of peptide pulsed DCs for an overall objective response rate of 28.0%. Furthermore, direct injection of immature DCs into tumor extracted an overall objective response rate of 35.7%, and especially 40.0% for advanced pancreatic cancer by using endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle injection technique as a novel approach. These results indicate that DC-based vaccination could be a promising treatment modality for various cancers, however multiple hurdles must be cleared before the development of an affordable DC-based vaccination can be used worldwide.