- 著者
- Malay Kumar Saha Tanmay Mahapatra Subrata Biswas Piyali Ghosh Sanchita Mahapatra Aloke Kumar Deb Kshitiz Diwan
- 出版者
- 国立感染症研究所 Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 編集委員会
- 雑誌
- Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.JJID.2013.068, (Released:2014-11-25)
- 参考文献数
- 25
- 被引用文献数
- 1 4
Men having sex with men (MSM) in India are mostly hidden due to stigma and discrimination and are at higher risk of HIV acquisition. HIV Sentinel Surveillance (HSS) pointed rising HIV burden for Chhattisgarh, an important central Indian province, with the distinction of highest HIV prevalence among MSM in India and, therefore, warrants special attention to study the role of MSM in HIV epidemic. Cross-sectional analysis of latest (2010-11) HSS data for 227 MSM in Chhattisgarh revealed 14.98% HIV sero-positivity. Older age, unemployment and receiving money for sex with a man were associated with higher HIV risk. Participants were mostly young (mean age 26 years), school-level educated (51.98%), urban residents (99.56%), doing service (46.26%), not involved in heterosexual activities (97.36%) or paid sex (68.72%). None of the participants reported injecting drug use and almost all of them (98.68%) were Kothis. Some of the observed associations lacked statistical power due to sparse data in this initial surveillance among MSM in Chhattisgarh indicating the need for studies involving larger population to understand the role of MSM in the dynamics of HIV epidemic in this state for planning appropriate interventions as the epidemic probably being concentrated among MSM in Chhattisgarh.
- 著者
- Tanmay Mahapatra Sanchita Mahapatra Giridhara R. Babu Weiming Tang Barnali Banerjee Umakanta Mahapatra Aritra Das
- 出版者
- 国立感染症研究所 Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 編集委員会
- 雑誌
- Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.67, no.3, pp.145-156, 2014 (Released:2014-05-23)
- 参考文献数
- 99
- 被引用文献数
- 1 25
We conducted descriptive analysis of available information regarding the epidemiology of cholera outbreaks in South and Southeast Asia during 2003–2012. Information from 58 articles, 8 reports, and World Health Organization databases were analyzed. Overall, 113 cholera outbreaks were studied in South and Southeast Asia during the past 10 years. The majority of the outbreaks (69%) occurred in Southeast Asia, including India (52%). The highest number of outbreaks was observed in 2004 (25.7%). The most commonly identified source was contaminated water: however, in some countries, the spread of cholera was facilitated via contaminated seafood (e.g., Myanmar, Thailand, and Singapore). Several genotypes and phenotypes of Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, were identified in the outbreaks, including V. cholerae O1 El Tor (Ogawa and Inaba) and V. cholerae O139. The emergence of multidrug-resistant V. cholerae strains was a major concern. Cholera-related mortality was found to be low across the outbreaks, except in Orissa, India (currently Odisha) during 2007, where the case fatality rate was 8.6%. Potential limitations included underreporting, discrepancies, possible exclusion of nonindexed reports, and incomprehensive search terms. The provision of safe water and proper sanitation appear to be critical for the control of further spread of cholera in South Asian and Southeast Asian regions.