著者

Yu MORIWAKI Nobuo SAKAI Yoshinori SAWAE Teruo MURAKAMI

出版者

The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers

雑誌

Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering (ISSN:18809863)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.153-164, 2009 (Released:2009-05-12)

参考文献数

10

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The human forearm with elbow joint has two degrees of freedom of motion. Especially it is noticed that the wide range for the rotation of the forearm (pronation-supination) is attained according to the sophisticated complexity of the human forearm with elbow joint. The elucidation of its movement mechanism is useful for the functional evaluation for the medical treatment and application to the welfare devices for the upper limb. The purpose of this study is to develop the arm model that functionally mimics the musculoskeletal system of the human forearm with elbow joint. In this paper, we made a physical model and the computational models, which replicate the bionic function of the forearm with elbow joint. By estimating the moment arms in a physical model, the mobility of the simplified physical model was evaluated. In the three-dimensional computational forearm bone models different in the geometry, the beneficial property of the centroidal lines of the bones was confirmed to extend the range of motion for the pronation-supination.

著者

AKIO NISHIURA TERUO MURAKAMI YUTAKA HIGASHI NOBORU YATA

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Journal of Pharmacobio-Dynamics (ISSN:0386846X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.3, pp.135-141, 1987 (Released:2008-02-19)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

10 12

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The mechanism of interorgan variation in tissue distribution of quinidine was investigated from a viewpoint of binding characteristics to phospholipids and the composition of phospholipids in various tissues. The order of binding of quinidine to an individual standard phospholipid, expressed as a product of the association constant (K) and the number of binding sites (n), was : phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PhE)<dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (saturated PhC)≥phosphatidyl choline (unsaturated PhC)<phosphatidyl inositol (PhI)<phosphatidyl glycerol (PhG)<phosphatidic acid (PhA)<phosphatidyl serine (PhS). Thus, quinidine was found to bind preferentially to acid phospholipids such as PhS, PhA, PhG, and PhI. The greatest binding was obtained in PhS among the various phospholipids and was more than 300-fold that of neutral phospholipids such as PhC and PhE. The concentration of individual components of phospholipids in the lung, kidney, liver and heart was determined using a two dimensional thin-layer chromatography. The concentration of PhS, highly responsible for the quinidine binding to phospholipids in each tissue, was ranked in the following order : heart<liver<kidney<lung. The contribution of PhS to quinidine binding was more than 86% in all tissues. A good correlation between the concentration of PhS in each tissue and the Ct/Cp ratio in vivo was obtained (r=0.984). Thus, it was concluded that the tissue distribution of quinidine in vivo depended on the composition of phospholipids in tissues and that a determinant of interorgan variation in the tissue distribution of quinidine was the concentration of PhS in the tissues.