- 著者
- Yoshihiro Akiyama Tomonari Okada Takeshi Yuhara
- 出版者
- Aquos Institute
- 雑誌
- 水生動物 (ISSN:24348643)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.2022, pp.AA2022-13, 2022-07-04 (Released:2022-07-04)
We report the presence of mobile macro-epifauna on rafts of pumice generated by the Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba volcano in 2021 in Oku Port, at the northern end of Okinawa Island. Most of the water surface in the harbor was covered by a thick pumice raft at the time of our observations. Grapsus crabs were the dominant species on the surface of the raft, and many crabs were visible near the quay. No crab was seen to burrow into the raft. These results show that mobile macro-epifauna can expand their distribution to the surface of a pumice raft. However, the presence of a raft is likely to make it difficult for crabs to move between land and water.
- 著者
- Hiroshi MATSUMOTO Toshiyuki NAKAO Tomonari OKADA Yume NAGAOKA Fumihiro TAKEGUCHI Ryo TOMARU Hideaki IWASAWA
- 出版者
- The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine
- 雑誌
- Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.43, no.8, pp.668-673, 2004 (Released:2005-03-04)
- 参考文献数
- 18
- 被引用文献数
- 16 20
Objective There have been few studies on cyclosporine (CsA) monotherapy in adult minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS). To delineate CsA therapy as new treatment options for MCNS, we conducted a prospective single-center study. Methods We assessed the efficacy of 3 different regimens in 36 patients, consisting of 26 first attacks or 10 relapses, of adult-onset MCNS. In 12 patients, CsA alone was given orally at a dose of 2-3 mg/kg/d, and in 12 patients, CsA after intravenous pulse methylprednisolone therapy (CsA/PMT) was given at the same dose. CsA was given for 12 months, tapered slowly, then stopped. The other 12 patients were treated with oral prednisolone (PSL, 40-60 mg/d) alone for 4 to 6 weeks, followed by daily PSL, with slowly tapering doses. Results Complete remission (CR) was obtained in 75% with CsA alone, 100% with CsA/PMT and 92% with PSL alone (p=0.0379). The days required for CR were shortest in the CsA/PMT group (40.9±35.5 days with CsA alone vs. 11.0±5.6 with CsA/PMT vs. 21.5±15.8 with PSL alone). The cumulative rates of CR were significantly different among the 3 groups (p<0.0001). The real numbers of the relapse were smallest in the CsA/PMT group, however, the cumulative rates of sustained remission among the 3 treatment arms were not statistically different. Renal function was well preserved with each treatment period. CsA-associated adverse effects were minimal but one patient developed new-onset hypertension and gingival hyperplasia. However, the adverse effects of PSL alone were serious in 3 cases: bleeding from gastric ulcer, diabetes mellitus, and aseptic necrosis. Many patients with PSL but few with CsA experienced cosmetic problems. Conclusions CsA/PMT may be the most advantageous when the clinical efficacy of each treatment for MCNS is integrated.