著者

山田 徹 Toru Yamada

出版者

同志社大学文化学会

雑誌

文化學年報 = Bunkagaku-Nempo (Annual report of cultural studies) (ISSN:02881322)

巻号頁・発行日

no.66, pp.67-88, 2017-03-15

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井上雅夫先生 退職記念論文集

著者

山田 徹 Toru Yamada

出版者

同志社大学人文学会

雑誌

人文學 = Doshisha University Jinbungaku (Studies in Humanities) (ISSN:04477340)

巻号頁・発行日

no.207, pp.23-62, 2021-03-15

著者

山田 徹 Toru Yamada

出版者

同志社大学文化学会

雑誌

文化學年報 = Bunkagaku-Nempo (Annual report of cultural studies) (ISSN:02881322)

巻号頁・発行日

no.68, pp.243-263, 2019-03-15

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田端信廣先生退職記念論文集

著者

山田徹 Toru Yamada

出版者

同志社大学文化学会

雑誌

文化學年報 = Bunkagaku-Nempo (Annual report of cultural studies) (ISSN:02881322)

巻号頁・発行日

no.67, pp.65-88, 2018-03-15

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松藤和人先生 中井義明先生 石坂尚武先生 退職記念論文集

著者

Toru YAMADA

出版者

Japanese Society for Brain Function and Rehabilitation

雑誌

Journal of Rehabilitation Neurosciences (ISSN:24342629)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.10-21, 2019 (Released:2019-10-25)

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Continuous wave functional near-infrared spectroscopy (CW-fNIRS) has potential advantages in the detection of cerebral functional activation, such as safety, portability, resistance to electromagnetic noise, time resolution higher than that of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), spatial resolution higher than that of electroencephalography (EEG), and the lack of need for subject restraint. However, for practical application of the fNIRS technique, a careful study design is required for experiments, practical measurements, and data analysis. Each step should be based on accurate knowledge of both the advantages and drawbacks of the fNIRS technique. This review will describe various signal components in the fNIRS measurement and their appropriate management through critical discussions on the measurement principle and the physiological origin of the signal.

著者

Tomoaki Tochitani Akihito Yamashita Izumi Matsumoto Mami Kouchi Yuta Fujii Toru Yamada Izuru Miyawaki

出版者

The Japanese Society of Toxicology

雑誌

The Journal of Toxicological Sciences (ISSN:03881350)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.9, pp.575-584, 2019 (Released:2019-09-02)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

2

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The adrenal gland is the most common toxicological target of drugs within the endocrine system, and inhibition of adrenal steroidogenesis can be fatal in humans. However, methods to evaluate the adrenal toxicity are limited. The aim of the present study was to verify the usefulness of simultaneous measurement of blood levels of multiple adrenal steroids, including precursors, as a method to evaluate drug effects on adrenal steroidogenesis in cynomolgus monkeys. With this aim, physiological and drug-induced changes in blood levels of adrenal steroids, including cortisol, aldosterone, androgen, and their precursors were examined. First, for physiological changes, intraday and interday changes in blood steroid levels were examined in male and female cynomolgus monkeys. The animals showed circadian changes in steroid levels that are similar to those in humans, while interday changes were relatively small in males. Next, using males, changes in blood steroid levels induced by ketoconazole and metyrapone were examined, which suppress adrenal steroidogenesis via inhibition of CYP enzymes. Consistent with rats and humans, both ketoconazole and metyrapone increased the deoxycorticosterone and deoxycortisol levels, probably via CYP11B1 inhibition, and the increase was observed earlier and with greater dynamic range than the changes in cortisol level. Changes in other steroid levels reflecting the drug mechanisms were also observed. In conclusion, this study showed that in cynomolgus monkeys, simultaneous measurement of blood levels of adrenal steroids, including precursors, can be a valuable method to sensitively evaluate drug effects on adrenal steroidogenesis and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.