著者

Tomohito Hamazaki Harumi Okuyama Akira Tanaka Yasuo Kagawa Yoichi Ogushi Rokuro Hama

出版者

Japan Society for Lipid Nutrition

雑誌

脂質栄養学 (ISSN:13434594)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.67-75, 2012 (Released:2012-04-29)

被引用文献数

1

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Almost all Japanese epidemiological studies showed that all-cause mortality was lower in subjects with high serum total or LDL-cholesterol levels. Studies showing the disadvantage of high cholesterol levels included or were likely to include more participants with FH than in the general Japanese population. This also explains why epidemiological studies with elderly people are not able to detect any disadvantage of high cholesterol levels; groups of elderly subjects contain a smaller proportion of vulnerable FH patients who die earlier than those without FH. Meta-analyses of the effects of statins were used to indicate the favorable effects of these drugs, which might be considered as proof that cholesterol has unfavorable effects. However, the absolute effect size of statins on all-cause mortality is rather small, if any. Moreover, studies included in meta-analyses of statins were performed before the new clinical research regulation came into effect in 2005-2006 in the EU, which required clinical trial results to be published even if the data were not favorable for the tested drugs (BJOG 2007; 114: 917, http://www.bjog.org/view/0/index.html). Considering the fact that placebo-controlled clinical trials performed after the new regulation were mostly negative (J Lipid Nutr 2010; 19: 65, http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jln/19/1/65/_pdf/-char/ja/), the results published before the regulation were questionable and should not be used as the basis for recommendations for treatment with cholesterol-lowering medications. Because the relative risks of high cholesterol for CHD vary from 5, administering cholesterol-lowering medications to all Japanese individuals equally is not rational; at least women and elderly men need to be carefully re-examined because no or little positive associations between plasma cholesterol and CHD mortality rates have been reported in these groups.

著者

Michiya Igase Toru Mizoguchi Yoichi Ogushi Tetsuro Miki Akira Ueki

出版者

Japanese Society of Anti-Aging Medicine

雑誌

ANTI-AGING MEDICINE (ISSN:18822762)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.14, pp.167-173, 2010 (Released:2010-12-20)

参考文献数

20

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In the “Brain Aging and Nutrition” symposium at the 2010 10th Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Society of Anti-Aging Medicine, three experts were invited to report recent findings on maintenance of brain health. Speaking on “The association of postural instability with brain atrophy/cognitive impairment”, Dr. Michiya Igase (Department of Geriatric Medicine & Neurology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine) described the importance of Anti-Aging examination for early discovery and early treatment of decreased cognitive function according to an Anti-Aging examination, particularly stressing on the importance of preventing frailty in the elderly. Dr. Toru Mizoguchi (Shinjuku Mizoguchi Clinic), speaking on “Improved brain function and nutrition”, discussed how low intake of glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals leads to metabolic abnormalities in the brain and low production of neurotransmitters, which can cause depression and many other psychiatric illnesses not only in the elderly, but in middle age too. In “The brain prefers ketones to carbohydrates as an energy source”, Dr. Yoichi Ogushi (Department of Medical Informatics, Tokai University School of Medicine) presented data showing that a ketotic diet, also known as a low-carbohydrate diet (Atkins' or Bernstein's diet), is safe, and, moreover, that ketones are used as an energy source by the brain. This work suggested that advanced glycosylation end product is a risk factor for Alzheimer's and Perkinson's disease, and that glucose is only utilized after keton bodies by the brain. This notion in turn raises the possibility that a ketotic diet may prevent or slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease.Anti-Aging measures above mentioned may play crucial roles in preventing brain atrophy, cognitive impairment, and depression which are closely related to the aging process. Stable energy supply and adequate nutritional distribution to neurons in the brain are keys to maintain brain function through neuronal survival and biosynthesis of neurotransmitters.