著者

Yoshihiro Kaneko Yutaka Motohashi

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.4, pp.114-119, 2007 (Released:2007-07-18)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

29 55

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BACKGROUND: Both male gender and low socioeconomic status have been related to depression and suicide, but their possible relationship to mental health literacy remains uncertain. The objectives of this study were to assess the level of mental health literacy in rural communities in Japan and to examine related factors.METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study using a questionnaire was conducted. Response rate was 88.2% from 8163 residents aged 30-69 years. The relationships between mental health literacy (including cognition of depression, attitude toward depression, and acceptance of suicide) and demographics, socioeconomic status, and the severity of depression were assessed by logistic regression analysis.RESULTS: Of the respondents, 25.2% showed an inadequate cognition of depression, 12.5% showed an inadequate attitude toward depression, and 13.1% showed an acceptance of suicide. Of the complete respondents (65.5%), an inadequate cognition of depression was associated with being male (adjusted odds ratio=1.93, 95% confidence interval: 1.68-2.22), advanced age (2.18, 1.58-3.00), and a lower level of education (1.95, 1.34-2.86); an inadequate attitude toward depression was associated with being male (2.18, 1.82-2.61), a lower education (2.34, 1.38-3.97), and the severity of depression (2.26, 1.54-3.32); and an acceptance of suicide was associated with being male (1.33, 1.13-1.58) and the severity of depression (5.77, 4.20-7.93).CONCLUSIONS: Poor mental health literacy related strongly to male gender and a low level of education. According to our results, poor mental health literacy may possibly be a factor contributing to male vulnerability to suicide.J Epidemiol 2007; 17: 114-119.

著者

YOSHIHIRO KANEKO

出版者

JAPANESE ECONOMIC ASSOCIATION

雑誌

The Economic Studies Quarterly (ISSN:0557109X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.159-178, 1994-06-20 (Released:2008-02-28)

参考文献数

35

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Using a version of two-asset optimal lifetime consumption model with human wealth, we analyze the effect of income tax on interest on portfolio selection and savings rate as compared to that of capital gains tax and the combined effect of the two taxes. We suggest a method of measuring the welfare cost of capital income taxes in this life-cycle setting and apply it to Japanese workers households classified by cohort. We calculate the ratio of compensation to lifetime expenditures considered as a measurement of the welfare cost. Households who bear these taxes would pay this ratio of lifetime consumption expenditures before taxation so as to avoid remaining the post-tax level of utility. The estimation results show that the welfare cost of both income tax on interest and capital gains tax is between 3% and 7% of the sum of lifetime expenditures at each period after taxation.

著者

Megumi Koizumi Hiroshi Ito Yoshihiro Kaneko Yutaka Motohashi

出版者

日本疫学会

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.5, pp.191-196, 2008 (Released:2008-10-01)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

14 57

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Background: Many studies have focused on disease causality, but few of them deal with health-promoting factors. Thus, we examined the effect of having a sense of purpose in life (ikigai) on mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: In 1988, we conducted a prospective cohort study of 2,959 Japanese subjects, ranging in age from 40 to 74 years, and followed them till the end of 2003. The level of their sense of purpose in life was evaluated by a self-administered questionnaire. After excluding those with a history of heart disease, stroke, or malignant tumor, 1,618 subjects (832 men and 786 women) who had completed the questionnaire were used in the analyses with Cox's proportional hazards model. Results: During the average 13.3 years of follow up, 249 deaths (172 men and 77 women) occurred as a result of all causes: 32 from heart disease, 31 from stroke, 63 from CVD, and 104 from malignant tumors. The adjusted hazard ratios for death in men with a strong sense of purpose in life, as compared with those with a low sense of purpose, were 0.28 (95% confidence interval: 0.10-0.84) for stroke, 0.56 (0.28-1.10) for CVD, and 0.62 (0.45-0.86) as a result of all causes. In women, no significant relationship was found between having a sense of purpose in life and mortality; this was possibly because the smaller number of deaths reduced the statistical significance. Conclusion: We found that in men, having a sense of purpose in life affected the risk of death as a result of all causes, stroke, and CVD.