- 著者
- Yuki Masaki Maddux William W. Masuda Takahiko
- 出版者
- Elsevier
- 雑誌
- Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (ISSN:00221031)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.43, no.2, pp.303-311, 2007-03
- 被引用文献数
- 212 4
The current research investigated the hypothesis that, depending on an individual’s cultural background, facial cues in different parts of the face are weighted differently when interpreting emotions. Given that the eyes are more difficult to control than the mouth when people express emotions, we predicted that individuals in cultures where emotional subduction is the norm (such as Japan) would focus more strongly on the eyes than the mouth when interpreting others’ emotions. By contrast, we predicted that people in cultures where overt emotional expression is the norm (such as the US) would tend to interpret emotions based on the position of the mouth, because it is the most expressive part of the face. This hypothesis was confirmed in two studies, one using illustrated faces, and one using edited facial expressions from real people, in which emotional expressions in the eyes and mouth were independently manipulated. Implications for our understanding of cross-cultural psychology, as well of the psychology of emotional interpretation, are discussed.
- 著者
- Schug Joanna Yuki Masaki Maddux William W.
- 出版者
- Sage Publications
- 雑誌
- Psychological Science (ISSN:09567976)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.21, no.10, pp.1471-1478, 2010-10
- 被引用文献数
- 193
The current research proposes a novel explanation for previously demonstrated findings that East Asians disclose less personal information to others than do Westerners. We propose that both between- and within-culture differences in self-disclosure toward close friends may be explained by the construct of "relational mobility" - the general degree to which individuals in the society have the opportunities to form new and terminate old relationships. In Study 1, we found that cross-cultural differences (Japan vs. U.S.) in self-disclosure toward a close friend were mediated by individuals' perceptions of relational mobility. In Study 2, two separate measures of relational mobility predicted self-disclosure within a single culture (Japan), and this relationship was mediated by the motivation to strengthen interpersonal relationships. We conclude that societies and social contexts high in relational mobility (where relationships can be formed and dissolved relatively easily) produce stronger incentives for self-disclosure as a social commitment device.
- 著者
- Maddux William W. Yuki Masaki
- 出版者
- Sage Publications
- 雑誌
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (ISSN:01461672)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.32, no.5, pp.669-683, 2006-05
- 被引用文献数
- 97 96
Previous research has demonstrated that people from East Asian cultural backgrounds make broader, more complex causal attributions than people from Western cultural backgrounds. In the current research, the authors hypothesized that East Asians would also be aware of a broader, more complex distribution of consequences of events. Four studies assessed cultural differences in perceptions of the consequences of 1) a shot in a game of pool, 2) an area being converted into a national park, 3) a CEO firing employees, and 4) a car accident. Across all four studies, compared to participants from Western cultural backgrounds, participants from East Asian cultural backgrounds were more aware of the indirect, distal consequences of events. This pattern occurred on a variety of measures, including spontaneously generated consequences, estimations of an event’s impact on subsequent events, perceived responsibility, and predicted affective reactions. Implications for our understanding of cross-cultural psychology and social perception are discussed.