著者

林 佳世子

出版者

東京大学東洋文化研究所

雑誌

東洋文化研究所紀要 (ISSN:05638089)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.118, pp.237-262, 1992-03

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This paper deals with the urban houses in Istanbul endowed as the waqf properties in 16th century and attempts to clarify the characteristics of small waqf endowments of urban dwellers.In order to be endowed to waqf's, houses are required to be complete private properties.Such condition seems to have been realized in the course of the reorganisation of Constantinople into Ottoman Istanbul, because, according to some documents preserved in Ottomen archives, more than 90% of all houses in Istanbul were complete freeholds, i. e. both the houses and the lands were owned by the urban dwellers at the last years of Sultan Mehmed the Second.The characteristics of the waqf's, especially house waqf's, in Istanbul revealed through the analysis of the waqf tahrir register dated 1546 are as follow: (1) Of all waqf's 75% are small waqf's, the income of which is less than 1000 akce;(2) 92% of the properties of the small waqf's are either houses or cash;(3) In the small waqf's the property of which is private houses, the most important aim of endowments is to guarantee the benefits of the endower's descendants from waqf property.There are two ways to realize it; one is to assure them to live in the endowed houses, and the other is to assign them as the mutevelli (administrator) of the waqf's;(4) However important it is to guarantee benefits of the descendants, many charitable activities are still found, most of which give some benefits to mescid's (small mosques) in mahalle's (quarters). This could be regarded as a reflex of the formation of mahalle's in the mid 16th-century Istanbul.