著者
小林 佳世子
出版者
日本認知科学会
雑誌
認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.3, pp.445-457, 2021-09-01 (Released:2021-09-15)
参考文献数
78
被引用文献数
1

This paper will discuss a role of anger from the perspective of game theory. Primarily, by adopting a responder in a standard ultimatum game as an example, we highlight that anger has a rational role as a commitment device and a signaling device from an evolutional point of view. Game theory has clarified theoretical conditions, such as incentive compatibility, to make a commitment and/or signaling function. However, there are few arguments as to whether emotions such as anger satisfy those requirements. Thus, in this paper, we show that anger expressed by the responder who was offered an unfair offer in an ultimatum game actually satisfies those requirements.
著者
林 佳世子
出版者
日本中東学会
雑誌
日本中東学会年報 (ISSN:09137858)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.3, no.2, pp.74-109, 1988-03-31 (Released:2018-03-30)

Immediately after the conquest of Byzantine Constantinople by the Ottomans in 1453, the city began to be developed as the Ottoman capital, Istanbul. In order to discover the remaking process of Istanbul as an Islamic city, the documents concerning vakif (pious endowment) by Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror have great importance, because his construction of some pious or charitable institutions (e.g. mosques, medreses and hospitals) and a number of markets were undertaken within the framework of the vakif system, which contributed remarkably to the reorganization of Istanbul. Therefore the study of vakfives (endowment deeds) and other account registers concerning his vakif should provide valuable information on the details of this process. It should be also noted that these documents contain valuable information about the topography of the city of that period, since vakif of Sultan Mehmed covered almost all the districts of walled Istanbul and Galata. In spite of their obvious significance, usage of these documents as historical sources has been quite limited up till now. One of the reasons for this condition must be the insufficiency of the textual critique of the documents, which appear in several manuscripts some of which show great differences. Since none of the vakfiye manuscripts has ever been investigated in detail, much less compared with each other, the relationship between these manuscripts has not been exactly explained, even though they have been used by many scholars without comprehending their real character. In this paper, I will attempt to compare these documents in detail and show how and when each vakfiye was compiled. This fundamental work should better enable them to be utilized as historical source materials. At present nine original or copied vakfiyes of Sultan Mehmed concerning with walled Istanbul and Galata are known in the archives in Turkey. These are; 1: Topukapi Sarayi Muzesi Kutuphanesi Hazine No.1808 (published by T. Oz in 1935) 2: Turk ve Islam Eserleri Muzesi No.2202-666 (published by O. Ergin in 1945) 3: Basbakanlik Osmanli Arsivi Ali Emiri Tasnifi Fatih No.63 4: Basbakanlik Osmanli Arsivi Ali Emiri Tasnifi Fatih No.71 5: Tapu ve Kadastro Genel Mudurlugu Yeni No.2199 6: Topukapi Sarayi Muzesi Arsivi E.7744-4 (published by T. Oz in 1935) 7: Turk ve Islam Eserleri Muzesi No.2182-646 8: Tapu ve Kadastro Genel Mudurlugu Yeni No.2166 9: Vakiflar Genel Mudurlugu Anadolu Defteri, Fatih Vakfiyesi (published by Vakiflar Umum Mudurlugu in 1938) As a result of the analysis of these vakfiyes and other registers of the vakif. the following points become clear. (1) The first assignment of Sultan Mehmed's vakif to the Ayasofya Mosque was made around 1456. It can be known that there were two groups of property assigned to that vakif. One group includes shops and kerbansarays, the construction of which began in 1456 according to Kritoboulos' chronicle. The other includes mukata'a (rent) of the houses which remained from the Byzantine period and were inhabited by immigrants into Istanbul. Examination of the vakif documents of Sultan Mehmed makes it clear that the assignment of the mukata'a of those houses to vakif is closely related to the survey of the city buildings carried out by Cubbe Ali in 1455 or 56. Although Dursun Bey and Asikpasazade wrote that the levy of mukata'a was given up immediately after the survey, vakfive No.2 and the register of 1489/90 show that a part of mukata'a remained in the vakif property. It should be noted, however, that the vakfiye made at the time of this assignment has not yet been found. (2) In 1463, construction of a new institutional complex called Fatih Imareti was begun. The complex contained a mosque, eight medreses, eight small medreses, a hospital and a traveler's hostel. Up to 1472-3, during the service of Grand Vezir Mahmud Pasa, only the great mosque (Fatih Cami'i) and the eight(View PDF for the rest of the abstract.)
著者
東長 靖 濱田 正美 竹下 政孝 林 佳世子 三沢 伸生 仁子 寿晴
出版者
京都大学
雑誌
基盤研究(B)
巻号頁・発行日
2009

本研究は、これまでほとんど研究されてこなかったオスマン朝期イスラーム思想を解明することを目指した。3年間にわたる共同研究により、スーフィズム、神学、論理学、歴史学、政治思想、近代思想の各分野を概説する書籍を編集し、刊行した。『オスマン朝思想文化研究』と題された本書は、上記各学問分野の概観と代表的思想家の説明に加え、その著作を対訳の形で含んでいる。ほかに、オスマン朝期イスラーム思想にとって中核となるスーフィズムについて、イブン・アラビー学派の文献目録、スーフィズム関連用語集などを作成・刊行した。
著者
林 佳世子
出版者
東京大学東洋文化研究所
雑誌
東洋文化研究所紀要 (ISSN:05638089)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.118, pp.237-262, 1992-03

This paper deals with the urban houses in Istanbul endowed as the waqf properties in 16th century and attempts to clarify the characteristics of small waqf endowments of urban dwellers.In order to be endowed to waqf's, houses are required to be complete private properties.Such condition seems to have been realized in the course of the reorganisation of Constantinople into Ottoman Istanbul, because, according to some documents preserved in Ottomen archives, more than 90% of all houses in Istanbul were complete freeholds, i. e. both the houses and the lands were owned by the urban dwellers at the last years of Sultan Mehmed the Second.The characteristics of the waqf's, especially house waqf's, in Istanbul revealed through the analysis of the waqf tahrir register dated 1546 are as follow: (1) Of all waqf's 75% are small waqf's, the income of which is less than 1000 akce;(2) 92% of the properties of the small waqf's are either houses or cash;(3) In the small waqf's the property of which is private houses, the most important aim of endowments is to guarantee the benefits of the endower's descendants from waqf property.There are two ways to realize it; one is to assure them to live in the endowed houses, and the other is to assign them as the mutevelli (administrator) of the waqf's;(4) However important it is to guarantee benefits of the descendants, many charitable activities are still found, most of which give some benefits to mescid's (small mosques) in mahalle's (quarters). This could be regarded as a reflex of the formation of mahalle's in the mid 16th-century Istanbul.
著者
渡辺 浩一 岡崎 敦 高橋 実 大友 一雄 臼井 佐知子 蔵持 重裕 林 佳世子 三浦 徹 丑木 幸男 須川 英徳
出版者
国文学研究資料館
雑誌
基盤研究(A)
巻号頁・発行日
2004

平成16年度は、11月に二日間にわたり、韓国国史編纂委員会の協力を得て、同委員会にて「近世東アジアにおける組織と文書」という国際研究会を開催した。日本側報告4本・韓国側報告4本・中国の報告1本を中央政府・地方行政組織・村落と家・商人の4つのセッションに編成した。参加者は約30名。平成17年度は、8月に二日間にわたり、復旦大学歴史地理研究所の協力を得て、上海において「東アジアにおける文書資料と家族・商業および社会」という国際研究会を開催した。日本側報告4本・中国側報告5本が行われたほか、韓国・トルコからのコメントも寄せられた。参加者は約30名。平成18年度は、9月に一日間で、アンカラ大学歴史地理言語学部の協力を得て、同大学において「オスマン朝と中近世日本における国家文書と社会動態」という国際研究会を開催した。日本側報告2本・トルコ側報告3本のほか、中国・韓国からのコメントも寄せられた。参加者は38名。平成19年度は、まず6月に、フランス国立古文書学校の協力のもとフランス国立文書館(パリ)において「アーカイヴズ、社会、権力(中世・近世の西欧と東アジア)文書管理働くさまざまな力」という国際研究会を行った。日本側報告4本・欧州側報告3本のほか世界各地からの多彩な比較コメント20本を、国家・都市・商人の3つのセッションと総合討論に配した。参加者は約40名。ついで、12月には本研究の総括として、立教大学において「近世アーカイブズの多国間比較」という国際シンポジウムを二日間にわたり開催した。日本側報告2本のほか、トルコ・西欧・中国・韓国から報告者を招聘し、「統治と社会」「実践」の二つのセッションに編成した。参加者は約100名。各研究会・シンポジウムの前後には国際共同史料調査を実施した。
著者
清水 宏祐 堀 直 小松 久男 林 佳世子
出版者
九州大学
雑誌
基盤研究(B)
巻号頁・発行日
2005

過去の海外調査で収録した100本以上のビデオ映像をデジタル化し、HDDに収納して、プログラム名を付け、見たい箇所をすぐに検索して提示できるシステムを構築した。プログラムは200以上に及び、バザールでの商取引の比較映像(新彊、トルコ、エジプト)では、手を握って交渉し、合意に達すると離すという、イスラーム世界特有のバイアという手続きを即座に、、見比べることができるようになった。また、バザールの商店構成が年とともに変化する情況を比較したり、市壁が新たに改修される様子を、新旧の比較対象が行えるようにプログラムした。12月9日の九州史学会は、各研究者から趣旨説明、個別報告が行われた。各種の映像資料の提示は、大きな反響を呼び、「今日、ここから新しい映像歴史学が誕生した」との印象を与えるものであった。この成果を生かし、さらに映像の集積と分析を行い、映像資料を歴史史料として定着させる努力を続ける所存である。成果の全容は、報告書『現地調査で収録したビデオ映像のデジタル化と情報共有ネットワークの構築』として刊行した。