著者

八十田 博人 Hirohito Yasoda

出版者

共立女子学園共立女子大学国際学部

雑誌

共立国際研究 = The Kyoritsu journal of international studies : 共立女子大学国際学部紀要 (ISSN:18828868)

巻号頁・発行日

no.32, pp.123-142, 2015

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The Italian general election of February 2013 ended with no winners and no prospect of a majority government. This comes from the collapse of the technocratic government led by Mario Monti, famous Europeanist academic and former European commissioner, which failed to gain public support for structural reforms of public finance and national administration.The Euro Crisis made a very Europeanistic nation like Italy more reluctant to follow the historical tradition of federal ideas which has been expressed by many speeches of the Presidents of the Republic, including Giorgio Napolitano.The Monti government succeeded to rescue public finance without financial assistance of the European Union, however, its elite style of decision-making is far from the so-called "concertation", which means much dialogues with social actors and worked well in the 90's.Today's Italy is confronted with a crisis of double legitimacy, both functional and social, based on national and European identities, which has been the common patrimony of major political parties during the First and Second Republic.

著者

浅沼 かおり Kaori Asanuma

出版者

共立女子学園共立女子大学国際学部

雑誌

共立国際研究 : 共立女子大学国際学部紀要 (ISSN:18828868)

巻号頁・発行日

no.31, pp.1-36, 2014

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3. The degrees and the official positions held by the members of the Zhao Family After the 26th generation, the Zhao Family consisted of the seven branches living inside the walls of Changzhou city and the three outside. The former held many degrees and official positions, while the latter held few. Among the branches inside the walls, two prospered particularly well: the Dianzhuan-gong branch (the descendants of Zhao Xiong-zhao) and the Taiyuan-gong branch (the descendants of Zhao Feng-zhao). This section focuses on the officials of the Taiyuan-gong branch for three generations,namely, Zhao Zhong-shu, Zhao Ren-ji and Zhao Lie-wen. All of them held some kind of degree as well as an official position. Their lives show us many aspects of officialdom in the Qing period, for example, the career-paths of Jinshi (the holders of the highest examination degree), Juren (the holders of the intermediate degree) and Jiansheng (students of the Imperial Academy).

著者

Vaiopoulos Vaios カライスコス アントニオス

出版者

共立女子学園共立女子大学国際学部

雑誌

共立国際研究 (ISSN:18828868)

巻号頁・発行日

no.28, pp.125-135, 2011

著者

西山 暁義 Akiyoshi Nishiyama

出版者

共立女子学園共立女子大学国際学部

雑誌

共立国際研究 (ISSN:18828868)

巻号頁・発行日

no.28, pp.39-67, 2011