著者

Iwamoto Masami Miki Kazuo Yang King H.

出版者

一般社団法人日本機械学会

雑誌

JSME international journal. Series C, Mechanical systems, machine elements and manufacturing (ISSN:13447653)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.4, pp.1072-1081, 2001-12-15

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

13

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Previous studies in both fields of automotive safety and orthopedic surgery have hypothesized that immobilization of the shoulder caused by the shoulder injury could be related to multiple rib fractures, which are frequently life threatening. Therefore, for more effective occupant protection, it is important to understand the relationship between shoulder injury and multiple rib fractures in side impact. The purpose of this study is to develop a finite element model of the human shoulder in order to understand this relationship. The shoulder model included three bones (the humerus, scapula and clavicle) and major ligaments and muscles around the shoulder. The model also included approaches to represent bone fractures and joint dislocations. The relationships between shoulder injury and immobilization of the shoulder are discussed using model responses for lateral shoulder impact. It is also discussed how the injury can be related to multiple rib fractures.

著者

Lee Sou-Chen Liu Cheng-Yu

出版者

一般社団法人日本機械学会

雑誌

JSME international journal. Series C, Mechanical systems, machine elements and manufacturing (ISSN:13447653)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.369-375, 1999-06-15

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An innovation estimation scheme is conceived to solve the intial and divergent problems for an all-accelerometer inertial navigation system (INS).The reformulated unobservable system with six accelerometers mounted diagonally on each surface of a cubic is investigated.An own-ship trajectory estimator produces extra pseudo measurements in position and velocity of the vehicle to help the Kalman filter in achieving convergence subject to unknown initial values.It also provides an upperbound value for the initiation of the platform attitude.A simulation case with arbitray initial values verifies the effectiveness of using this information infusing concept in obtaining a convergent INS state estimation.