2 0 0 0 OA Wing Morphology of Some Insects
- 著者
- Seiichi SUDO Koji TSUYUKI Junji TANI
- 出版者
- The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers
- 雑誌
- JSME International Journal Series C Mechanical Systems, Machine Elements and Manufacturing (ISSN:13447653)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.43, no.4, pp.895-900, 2000-12-15 (Released:2008-02-18)
- 参考文献数
- 11
- 被引用文献数
- 20 26
This paper describes detailed wing morphology of some kinds of insects. The structural properties of dragonfly, fly, and mosquito wings were studied. Microscopic observations on the insect wings were examined with a scanning electron microscope. The surface roughness of the insect wings was measured by a three-dimensional, optical shape measuring system. The roughness distribution on the wing surface was presented for some kinds of insects. Some functional principles underlying insect wing design were revealed by the measurements of surface roughness and microscopic observations.
- 著者
- Kazunori HASE Nobutoshi YAMAZAKI
- 出版者
- 社団法人 日本機械学会
- 雑誌
- JSME International Journal Series C Mechanical Systems, Machine Elements and Manufacturing (ISSN:13447653)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.45, no.4, pp.1040-1050, 2002 (Released:2004-06-25)
- 参考文献数
- 33
- 被引用文献数
- 19 52
A model having a three-dimensional entire-body structure and consisting of both the neuronal system and the musculo-skeletal system was proposed to precisely simulate human walking motion. The dynamics of the human body was represented by a 14-rigid-link system and 60 muscular models. The neuronal system was represented by three sub-systems: the rhythm generator system consisting of 32 neural oscillators, the sensory feedback system, and the peripheral system expressed by static optimization. Unknown neuronal parameters were adjusted by a numerical search method using the evaluative criterion for locomotion that was defined by a hybrid between the locomotive energy efficiency and the smoothness of the muscular tensions. The model could successfully generate continuous and three-dimensional walking patterns and stabilized walking against mechanical perturbation. The walking pattern was more stable than that of the model based on dynamic optimization, and more precise than that of the previous model based on a similar neuronal system.
- 著者
- Byeongil KIM Yushin CHANG Man Hyung LEE
- 出版者
- The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers
- 雑誌
- JSME International Journal Series C Mechanical Systems, Machine Elements and Manufacturing (ISSN:13447653)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.49, no.4, pp.1048-1057, 2006 (Released:2007-06-15)
- 参考文献数
- 12
- 被引用文献数
- 17 26
For a maneuvering unmanned autonomous helicopter, it is necessary to design a proper controller for each flight mode. In this paper, the overall helicopter dynamics is derived and a hovering model is linearized and transformed into a state-space form. However, since it is difficult to obtain parameters for stability derivatives in the state-space directly, a linear control model is derived by a time-domain parametric system identification method with real flight data of a model helicopter. Then, two different controllers (a linear feedback controller with the proportional gain and a robust controller) are designed and their performances are compared. The simulation results show outstanding performance. The validated controllers can be utilized to enable autonomous flight of a RUAV (Rotorcraft-based Unmanned Aerial Vehicle).
- 著者
- HASHEM M.M.A Keigo WATANABE Kiyotaka IZUMI
- 出版者
- The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers
- 雑誌
- JSME International Journal Series C Mechanical Systems, Machine Elements and Manufacturing (ISSN:13447653)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.41, no.3, pp.406-412, 1998-09-15 (Released:2008-02-18)
- 参考文献数
- 12
- 被引用文献数
- 2 5
Evolution strategies(ESs)are search algorithms which imitate the principles of natural evolution as a method to solve parameter optimization problems numerically.The effectiveness and simplicity of ES algorithms have lead many people to believe that they are the methods of choice for difficult, real-life problems superseding traditional search techniques.However, the inherent strength of the ES algorithms largely depends upon the choice of a suitable crossover and mutation technique in their application domains.This paper discusses a new ES in which both a subpopulationbased arithmetical crossover(SBAC)and a time-variant mutation(TVM)operator are used.the SBAC operator explores promising areas in the search space with different directivity while the TVM operator exploits fast(but not premature)convergence with high precision results.Thus, a balance between exploration and exploitation is achieved in the evolutionary process with these combined efforts.The TVM also acts as a fine local tuner at the converging stages for high precision solutions.Its action depends upon the age of the populations, and its performance is quite different from the Uniform Mutation(UM)operation.The efficacy of the proposed methods is illustrated by solving discrete-time optimal control models which are frequently used in the applications.
- 著者
- Joel HANSSON Masayuki TAKANO Tadao TAKIGAMI Takahiro TOMIOKA Yasufumi SUZUKI
- 出版者
- 社団法人 日本機械学会
- 雑誌
- JSME International Journal Series C Mechanical Systems, Machine Elements and Manufacturing (ISSN:13447653)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.47, no.2, pp.451-456, 2004 (Released:2005-01-25)
- 参考文献数
- 9
- 被引用文献数
- 3 18
A new method for improving riding comfort by reducing vertical flexural vibrations in railway car bodies using piezoelectric elements is studied in this paper. Piezoelectric elements are attached on the car body in order to convert vibration energy to electrical energy, which can be dissipated in a shunt circuit. Assuming the car body as an elastically supported Bernoulli-Euler beam, theoretical analysis and numerical simulations are carried out. The numerical results are supplemented by experiments on a 1:5 scale model of a Shinkansen vehicle. Both numerical and experimental results indicate that the method yields significant vibration suppression with only a small amount of added weight. Two types of shunt circuits; a single-mode circuit and a multi-mode circuit are studied.
- 著者
- Iwamoto Masami Miki Kazuo Yang King H.
- 出版者
- 一般社団法人日本機械学会
- 雑誌
- JSME international journal. Series C, Mechanical systems, machine elements and manufacturing (ISSN:13447653)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.44, no.4, pp.1072-1081, 2001-12-15
- 参考文献数
- 32
- 被引用文献数
- 13
Previous studies in both fields of automotive safety and orthopedic surgery have hypothesized that immobilization of the shoulder caused by the shoulder injury could be related to multiple rib fractures, which are frequently life threatening. Therefore, for more effective occupant protection, it is important to understand the relationship between shoulder injury and multiple rib fractures in side impact. The purpose of this study is to develop a finite element model of the human shoulder in order to understand this relationship. The shoulder model included three bones (the humerus, scapula and clavicle) and major ligaments and muscles around the shoulder. The model also included approaches to represent bone fractures and joint dislocations. The relationships between shoulder injury and immobilization of the shoulder are discussed using model responses for lateral shoulder impact. It is also discussed how the injury can be related to multiple rib fractures.
- 著者
- Satoshi SUZUKI Katsuhisa FURUTA Shinya SHIRATORI
- 出版者
- The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers
- 雑誌
- JSME International Journal Series C Mechanical Systems, Machine Elements and Manufacturing (ISSN:13447653)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.46, no.3, pp.973-981, 2003 (Released:2004-06-25)
- 参考文献数
- 16
- 被引用文献数
- 3 7
In this paper, a dynamic impact control is proposed. To deal with an impact phenomenon and to establish the control method, a pendulum-like impact shot system is devised. In this system, a slider strikes a ball suspended by a wire, and the energy of the ball is controlled via impact force from the slider. In order to transmit the energy adequately, it is necessary for a slider to reach the target position with specified velocity just at the moment of collision. The reference trajectory for a slider is generated and adjusted in real time, and the proposed variable structure (VS) servo control enables chattering-free precise tracking to the reference trajectory. Additionally, by combining an adaptive VS-differentiator, the performance of the VS-servo control is enhanced. The effectiveness of the proposed impact control, the VS-servo control and the adaptive VS-differentiator is verified by simulation and experiment.
- 著者
- Lee Sou-Chen Liu Cheng-Yu
- 出版者
- 一般社団法人日本機械学会
- 雑誌
- JSME international journal. Series C, Mechanical systems, machine elements and manufacturing (ISSN:13447653)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.42, no.2, pp.369-375, 1999-06-15
An innovation estimation scheme is conceived to solve the intial and divergent problems for an all-accelerometer inertial navigation system (INS).The reformulated unobservable system with six accelerometers mounted diagonally on each surface of a cubic is investigated.An own-ship trajectory estimator produces extra pseudo measurements in position and velocity of the vehicle to help the Kalman filter in achieving convergence subject to unknown initial values.It also provides an upperbound value for the initiation of the platform attitude.A simulation case with arbitray initial values verifies the effectiveness of using this information infusing concept in obtaining a convergent INS state estimation.