著者

Emi Kameoka Shiro Mitsuya Roel R. Suralta Akira Yamauchi Amelia Henry

出版者

Japanese Society for Root Research

雑誌

Plant Root (ISSN:18816754)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.45-58, 2023 (Released:2023-08-14)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

1

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In this study, two experiments were conducted to evaluate the genotypic variation of rice root system distribution and root activity in response to short-term drought conditions. Seven rice genotypes were used, of which one (Rexmont) showed the greatest reduction in shoot biomass under drought, and two (Swarna and KDML105) showed the least reduction in shoot biomass under drought in both experiments. In a phytotron experiment (Experiment 1) in which root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr) of 21-day-old rice plants was evaluated in well-watered (control) and dry down (drought) conditions, the Lpr of Swarna, KDML105, and IRAT109 were significantly lower under drought compared to the control. In a field experiment (Experiment 2) conducted in the 2013 wet season at IRRI, stomatal conductance, bleeding rate, and root surface area density (RSAD) at 0-15, 15-30, 30-45, and 45-60 cm soil depths were measured in an irrigated (control) and rainfed (drought) treatments. Swarna, KDML105, and FR13A showed significant reductions in RSAD at 0-30 cm depth under drought in the field compared to the control, while Rexmont and IRAT109 showed no significant changes. In addition, Rexmont and Swarna both maintained higher bleeding rates than the other genotypes. Based on the root hydraulic and architectural traits of contrasting genotypes, we conclude that the bleeding rate did not explain the genotypic variations in the maintenance of shoot biomass, and that reducing shallow root growth and Lpr in response to drought conferred the best ability to maintain shoot biomass under short-term drought conditions.

著者

Gisela Grunewaldt-Stöcker Christiane von den Berg Johanna Knopp Henning von Alten

出版者

Japanese Society for Root Research

雑誌

Plant Root (ISSN:18816754)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.33-48, 2013 (Released:2013-09-20)

参考文献数

76

被引用文献数

19

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Plant protection against soil-borne diseases has been a challenge in horticultural production of Ericaceae for a long time. We tested the hypothesis that ericoid mycorrhizal fungi (ERMF) control root pathogens. Isolates of ERMF previously obtained from Calluna vulgaris and Rhododendron hirsutum were selected based on growth inhibiting activity against Oomycetes in dual agar plate tests. In addition, we assessed their impact on economically important Pythium spec. and Phytophthora cinnamomi in sterile Rhododendron plantlets in a liquid culture system, which is suitable for continuous observations of the infection process. For this purpose, rooted cuttings of micro-propagated Rhododendron plantlets were transferred to a mineral solution and subsequently inoculated with either Oidiodendron maius or the ERMF isolates. Before the root pathogens were applied to the experimental system, the symbioses were established over a four-week period. Mycorrhizal development, pathogen infection sites and development in mycorrhizal plants and non-mycorrhizal control plants were assessed microscopically. The root-colonising intensity of the tested ERMF differed considerably, but each of the applied ERMF impaired external pathogen mycelium and reduced pathogenic infections. A complete reduction was achieved at higher ERMF colonisation levels. The failure of symbiosis formation allowed pathogens to infect and spread. The quantification data concerning mycorrhiza frequencies and extramatrical hyphal nets provided details for a discussion on the suppressive effects of ERMF on the pathogens. The tested ERMF confer at least a localized protection from pathogen attack through suppression prior to infection. It is now to prove, whether these biocontrol effects will also be expressed in pot experiments.

著者

Michael O. Adu David O. Yawson Malcolm J. Bennett Martin R. Broadley Lionel X. Dupuy Philip J. White

出版者

Plant Root 編集委員会

雑誌

Plant Root (ISSN:18816754)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.16-32, 2017 (Released:2017-05-16)

参考文献数

67

被引用文献数

7

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Rhizoboxes are soil-root compartments that may well provide the closest naturalistic conditions for studying root systems architectures (RSAs) in controlled environments. Rhizobox-based studies can however lead to mis-estimation of root traits due to poor recovery of roots and loss of fine root features during washing of roots. We used a novel scanner-based rhizobox system to evaluate: (i) RSA traits of Brassica rapa genotypes; (ii) the relationship between root traits recorded from rhizoboxes and those of harvested roots and (iii) genotypic variation of seedlings in response to external P ([P]ext) availability. Brassica rapa genotypes were grown in soil-filled rhizoboxes abutting flatbed scanners and were watered once with either deionised water or a solution of 600 ΜM KH2PO4 to approximately 80% field capacity on a weight basis. Shoot and root P concentrations ([P]shoot and [P]root) of the B. rapa lines grown on different [P]ext were quantified. Visible root length at the surface of rhizoboxes constituted 85% of the total root length recovered from harvested root samples. High P supply induced a strong increase in [P]shoot in all genotypes (P < 0.001) whereas low P supply generally led to greater partitioning to roots. Seed P concentration and tissue P concentration were correlated only at low [P]ext. Total root length was strongly correlated with tissue P content under both low [P]ext (r = 0.81, P < 0.05) and high [P]ext (r = 0.82, P < 0.05) conditions. The novel scanner-based rhizobox system used addresses the substantial limitations associated with current use of rhizoboxes to study root growth dynamics.

著者

León Ruiz-Herrera María G Hernández-Equihua Daniel Boone-Villa Gema C. Manuel Jacobo Asdrubal Aguilera-Méndez

出版者

Japanese Society for Root Research

雑誌

Plant Root (ISSN:18816754)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.29-40, 2019 (Released:2020-02-14)

参考文献数

51

被引用文献数

2

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Biotin is a member of the vitamin B-complex family that acts as a cofactor of carboxylases and is essential in the metabolism of all organisms. In addition to its essential metabolic functions, biotin has been suggested to play a critical role in regulating gene expression in plants and animals. However, all studies in plants have been conducted under biotin deficiency. Therefore, we hypothesized that exogenously supplied biotin also exerts non-enzymological functions similar to those reported in animals, regulating root growth and development in Arabidopsis thaliana. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the effects of the biotin supply on seedlings and analyzed the root architecture. Biotin supplementation inhibited root elongation and promoted lateral root formation in a concentration-dependent manner. Inhibited primary root elongation was correlated with decreased expression of the cell cycle genes CycB1;1:uidA and cell expansion gene pAtExp7::uidA, and depended on the concentration of biotin. Viability tests with AtHisH2B:YFP showed that the meristem was depleted. However, biotin supplementation did not affect the concentration of chlorophyll but had a slight inhibitory effect on foliage growth and increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the apex of primary roots. Our study provides the first evidence of functions of biotin supplementation in plants in addition to its catalytic role as an enzyme cofactor, likely advancing our understanding of the biological functions of biotin.

著者

Thomas Marler Cameron Musser

出版者

Plant Root 編集委員会

雑誌

Plant Root (ISSN:18816754)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.21-25, 2016 (Released:2016-05-10)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

10

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Container production of Serianthes nelsonii Merr. plants for out-planting within the endemic range is a major component of the plan to recover the critically endangered tree species. We exploited the ability to prune roots with copper or with strategically placed air holes in container walls to determine if root quantity or quality would increase in comparison to traditional container design. Following 23 days of growth after transplanting, new root length and root dry weight did not differ among the container types. However, most roots from the control and copper-treated containers developed from the bottom of the root system, and direction of root growth was primarily geotropic. In contrast, the air-pruning containers produced plants with plagiotropic root growth near the soil surface. Root growth was positioned with 58% in the top two-thirds of a rhizotron window for the air-pruning, 29% for the copper-pruning, and 16% for the control containers. Our results indicate that direction but not length or dry weight of post-transplant root growth was changed by use of air-pruning containers. For a critically endangered tree like Serianthes nelsonii, the improved root morphology afforded by containers that use air-pruning of roots in the nursery may improve tree stability following transplanting.

著者

Yasuhiro Hirano Kyotaro Noguchi Mizue Ohashi Takuo Hishi Naoki Makita Saori Fujii Leena Finér

出版者

Japanese Society for Root Research

雑誌

Plant Root (ISSN:18816754)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, pp.26-31, 2009 (Released:2009-12-15)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

23 24

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We describe a new and easy technique for placing and lifting root meshes to estimate fine root production in forest ecosystems. The method improves upon previously proposed mesh placement techniques by using a sharp stainless steel blade and two thin stainless steel sheets to insert mesh more easily and accurately in the soil, and utilizing a narrow garden spade to lift the soil block containing the mesh. The proposed technique takes significantly less time than the widely used ingrowth core method, causes minimal disturbance to the soil, and requires only simple equipment. The detailed documentation of the method provided herein should improve estimations of fine root production in forest ecosystems.

著者

Arata Tarui Atsushi Matsumura Sohei Asakura Kenji Yamawaki Rintaro Hattori Hiroyuki Daimon

出版者

Japanese Society for Root Research

雑誌

Plant Root (ISSN:18816754)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.83-91, 2013 (Released:2013-12-24)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

4 4

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Legume-grass mixed cropping has significant advantages that affect crop yield and soil resources. Generally, grasses grown with legumes take up more nitrogen than those grown under sole cropping. We focused on the effect of cutting hairy vetch during a vigorous growth stage on N uptake in oat under mixed cropping. We evaluated the amounts of N transferred from hairy vetch to oat by using a 15N dilution method. Cutting hairy vetch increased the number of tillers and dry weight of oat, but total N content was not significantly higher than that under mixed cropping without cutting. In contrast, the amount of N transferred to oat was increased by cutting. Estimated amounts of N transferred to oat were 2.7 g m-2 with cutting of hairy vetch and 0.8 g m-2 without cutting. Cutting half of the oats under sole cropping did not indicate the transfer of rhizodeposited N in oat to the residual plants. In addition, cutting hairy vetch increased the amounts of accumulated solar radiation in the middle canopy of the mixed cropping plots. Therefore, in a hairy vetch and oat mixed cropping system, cutting of the hairy vetch might enhance growth of oat due to the transfer of N from hairy vetch and the reduction of light interception to the oat canopy. N fertility enhancement of the soil by cutting of the legume would be valuable for low-input crop production.

著者

Emdadul Haque Eiji Yamamoto Kenta Shirasawa Hiroaki Tabuchi Ung-Han Yoon Sachiko Isobe Masaru Tanaka

出版者

Japanese Society for Root Research

雑誌

Plant Root (ISSN:18816754)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.11-21, 2020 (Released:2020-10-09)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

6

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Genetic studies on the purple-fleshed sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.), which is rich in anthocyanin (AN) in the storage root, were performed by polyploid GWAS based on the allele dosage probability using 59,675 SNPs obtained from 94 F1 progenies between the cultivars 'Konaishin' (which has a high yield but no AN) and 'Akemurasaki' (which has a high AN content but low to moderate yield). The distribution of relative AN content was highly biased, with 60% of clones showing a low to undetectable level (A530 < 0.5). Fifty-nine SNPs from six signals on homologous groups (HGs) 3, 5 (one major and one smaller signal), 7, 13, and 15 were strongly associated with the relative AN content. Twelve SNPs from the major signal and one from the smaller signal of HG 5 were further detected by QTL analysis. In a database search of the AN biosynthesis gene, transcription factors IbMYB1 and IbWD40 and AN structural genes IbF3H and IbDFR were located on HG 5, suggesting that an SNP marker or markers from HG 5 might be tightly linked to candidate gene(s) homologous to one of these transcription factors and AN structural genes as a major factor in determining AN accumulation in the storage roots. These results would enhance our understanding of the underlying genetic basis of AN accumulation in the storage roots of sweetpotatoes, and the SNP markers found here, especially 13 SNPs from HG 5, would be a potential platform for future marker-assisted selection for breeding high-AN sweetpotato varieties.

著者

Peter W. Barlow

出版者

Plant Root 編集委員会

雑誌

Plant Root (ISSN:18816754)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.43-55, 2015 (Released:2015-08-27)

参考文献数

87

被引用文献数

6

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Within the tip of roots meristems of angiosperms and gymnosperms there is a small group of cells known as the quiescent centre (QC). The concept of the QC was developed 60 years ago by FAL Clowes, working in the Botany School, Oxford University, UK. To celebrate the Jubilee of the QC, a brief outline of the work that led to its demonstration by autoradiography was presented by Dubrovsky and Barlow (2015). The present article traces Clowes’s subsequent experimental studies of the QC, especially with regard to how X-irradiation became an important tool for elucidating the properties and significance of the QC for root development. Also reviewed are some of the consequences that subsequently arose from this work with radiation, in particular the concerns over the use of radioisotopes in attempts to describe the kinetics of cell proliferation in the root meristem.

著者

Ichirou Karahara

出版者

Plant Root 編集委員会

雑誌

Plant Root (ISSN:18816754)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.1-5, 2015-03-13 (Released:2015-03-24)

参考文献数

15