著者
鈴木 昂太
出版者
東京文化財研究所
雑誌
無形文化遺産研究報告 = Research and Reports on Intangible Cultural Heritage
巻号頁・発行日
no.15, pp.118-100, 2021-03-31

Kagura, song and dance performed in prayer to the deities and buddhas, has been transmitted in Japan in various forms. Previous research has pointed out that the function of Jodo (Pure Land) kagura is to hold a memorial service to a departed soul. Iwata Masaru employed the term "Jodo kagura" to focalize the relationship between kagura and memorial service. Following Iwata's research, scholars with a variety of viewpoints have used this term to hold discussions of various types. The purpose of the present paper is to confirm how Jodo kagura has been discussed by researchers, what the term "Jodo kagura" indicates and to follow the trend of research. Results of analysis show that the term "Jodo kagura" has been used in two ways: as a proper noun to refer to a memorial service of a given region and as a common noun to refer to artistic rites related with the spirit of the dead and Jodo. It must be noted that Jodo kagura is a special terminology that consists of two aspects, reality and concept. Additionally, the meaning of Jodo kagura differs from one researcher to another and it is applied widely to different rites in context and characteristics. In future study, it will become necessary to clarify how the user of the term "Jodo kagura" defines it, each in his point of view, and for what purpose he uses it.
著者
飯島 満 石村 智
出版者
東京文化財研究所
雑誌
無形文化遺産研究報告 = Research and Reports on Intangible Cultural Heritage
巻号頁・発行日
no.14, pp.191-195, 2020-03-31

Tokyo National Research Institute for Cultural Properties has regularly been making recordings of performances of kodan (with focus on long repertory) since 2002. Following is a list of actual performances recorded from March 2002 to February 2020. The project is scheduled to be continued in the future. Performances are recorded both audio-visually and stored at the Institute. Since the recordings are made for purposes of research and transmission, they are not for the time being intended to be made public. However, it is possible to access these recordings for the purposes mentioned above.
著者
久保田 裕道
出版者
東京文化財研究所
雑誌
無形文化遺産研究報告 = Research and Reports on Intangible Cultural Heritage
巻号頁・発行日
no.15, pp.13-24, 2021-03-31

The present paper discusses the influence Covid-19 has had on the intangible folk cultural properties of Japan with focus on case studies from 2020. First, it is noted that many folk events are held in the hope of appeasing infectious diseases. For example, the lion dance in Hakone, Kanagawa Prefecture, was started as an event to ward off contagious diseases that occurred frequently from the last half of the 19th century to the first half of the 20th century. Social relevance of this type of folk events should be shared by many people. Next, impact such as cancellation and postponement of folk events and measures like video delivery that were taken in 2020 are discussed in the section on the condition of intangible folk cultural properties in the midst of Covid-19. In this situation, much criticism has been voiced even about folk events that were held in order to pray for the end of infection. Such a trend connects to a questioning and negation of values associated with these folk events. Finally, the problems related with intangible folk properties in the midst of Covid-19 are discussed. Intangible folk properties are one of the categories of intangible cultural heritage unique to Japan. It is different from traditional performing arts performed by professionals in that it is cultural properties of the “people.” It is rooted in the faith, society, entertainment and other aspects of a given region. But the influence of Covid-19, by negating their values, brings about a great risk to the regional society.
著者
星野厚子
出版者
東京文化財研究所
雑誌
無形文化遺産研究報告
巻号頁・発行日
no.7, 2013-03-29
著者
菊池 理予 林 圭史 渡瀬 綾乃
出版者
東京文化財研究所
雑誌
無形文化遺産研究報告 = Research and Reports on Intangible Cultural Heritage
巻号頁・発行日
no.14, pp.79-99, 2020-03-31

Tororo-aoi(黄蜀葵:Abelmoschus manihot)is a plant similar to okura that produces a yellow flower. Viscous liquid extracted from its root is called “neri” and has been used in the production of handmade Japanese paper. In April 2019, it was reported that the manufacture of tororo-aoi will be terminated. This report brought about fear among persons concerned that it will no longer be possible to obtain tororo-aoi. In the present study, then, the present condition of the manufacture of tororo-aoi and its system in Omitama-shi, Ibaraki Prefecture were explored and the reasons for the decrease in its manufacture was debated. In addition, by searching into the question of how much handmade paper has been protected as a cultural property of Japan ever since the enactment of the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, the necessity for the protection of the technique of manufacture of its raw materials is considered. As a result, the following has been made clear. First, tororo-aoi is clearly noted as one of the designated conditions for the manufacture of handmade Japanese paper, which is an important intangible cultural property. Second, Mr. Uekubo Ryoji, a manufacturer of misu paper who is selected as a holder of the technique for the manufacture of handmade Japanese paper for mounting, and Mr. Ebuchi Eikan, a manufacturer of paper for restoration, both manufacture handmade paper using tororo-aoi. Stable procurement of raw materials is necessary for the continuance of the technique. In the system of distribution of tororo-aoi in the 1950s there was a group of people called “neriya” who dealt with the buying of seeds and acted as “go-betweens” who were entrusted by the neriya. These go-betweens encouraged and guided the manufacture of tororo-aoi and were engaged even in the transport and testing of the materials. The existence of neriya was effective in the maintenance of the quality of tororo-aoi. But such a system no longer exists, and today a farmer sends the product to Japan Agricultural Cooperatives (JA) which in turn sends it to groups or individuals engaged in the manufacture of handmade paper. Tororo-aoi rots easily so that by the time it reaches the paper manufacturer, there is bound to be loss due to damage. For stable procurement, some measures should be taken in the system of transport so that damage will not occur. Furthermore, there are some processes in the cultivation of tororo-aoi that cannot depend on machinery and must be done by hand. Even though it costs manpower, the manufacture of tororo-aoi alone does not bring so much income as to make it a livelihood. It has also become clear that since tororo-aoi cannot be cultivated on the same land successively, a farm needs to have a large piece of land to produce tororo-aoi consecutively. In the present circumstances, other products require less work and can bring in as much profit. In other words, the continuance of the manufacture of tororo-aoi currently depends much on the intention of the persons manufacturing. It is thought that a new system of support is necessary for the stable manufacture of tororo-aoi. Persons concerned currently sincerely wish the local governing bodies and people associated with JA to have a correct understanding of the importance of tororo-aoi and the significance of the fact that it is being manufactured in Omitami-shi today. Active discussion toward protection is necessary in the future.
著者
星野厚子
出版者
東京文化財研究所
雑誌
無形文化遺産研究報告
巻号頁・発行日
no.5, 2011-03-31