著者

Lee Hae-Pyeong Park Young-Ju Lee Si Young Cha Joo Yanng Ohga Shoji 大賀 祥治

出版者

Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University

雑誌

九州大学大学院農学研究院紀要 (ISSN:00236152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.209-213, 2010-10-29

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Combustion tests were conducted with living leaves of P. densiflora to examine the combustion characteristics of this species at different altitudes. An ignition temperature tester, cone calorimeter, and smoke density chamber were used for the tests. Leaf moisture content was measured prior to combustion, yielding a range of between 148 and 177%. The temperature of non-flame ignition was 300-310 ℃ and did not vary with altitude. Flame ignition occurred in the samples taken at 900 m and 1300 m, but lasted for only 7 and 8 s, respectively. These two samples released similar heat, with the sample from 1300 m producing slightly more heat. The sample from 1400 m released more than twice the smoke yielded by the other samples. Maximum smoke density was highest for the higher altitude samples, and the amount of smoke released varied proportionately with altitude. The mean release density of CO increased abruptly at 1100 m and decreased after that point before an abrupt increase at 1500 m, and that of CO2 showed almost the same pattern as for CO.

著者

Park Young-Ju Lee Hae-Pyeong Lee Si Young Cha Joo Yanng Ohga Shoji 大賀 祥治

出版者

Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University

雑誌

九州大学大学院農学研究院紀要 (ISSN:00236152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.215-219, 2010-10-29

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In this study, combustion tests were conducted on living Q. mongolica leaves to compare their combustion characteristics at different altitudes. Leaf moisture content was measured and combustion characteristics were then studied using an ignition temperature tester, a cone calorimeter, and a smoke density chamber. The samples contained 117-145% moisture. The temperature of non-flame ignition was 275-308℃ and did not vary with altitude. Samples from 1,300m and 1,500m ignited more quickly than the others, but went out after 2 and 4 seconds, respectively. Heat release increased and reached its peak at 1,100 m, thereafter decreasing. Smoke release decreased and smoke density increased in proportion to altitude. The mean release density of CO rose gradually with increasing altitude while that of CO2 increased from 1,200 m.

著者

Sarr Papa Saliou Diouf Macoumba Diallo Mariama Dalanda Ndiaye Saliou Dia Rouguiyatou Guisse Aliou Yamakawa Takeo 山川 武夫

出版者

Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University

雑誌

九州大学大学院農学研究院紀要 (ISSN:00236152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.259-267, 2013-09

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This study aimed to characterize the effects of the application of different types of litters and fertilizer on the growth and productivity of maize (Zea mays L. var.) in Senegal. A split plot experiment was conducted in a low fertile soil at Thiès. Three factors corresponded to: inorganic fertilizer as urea at two levels (0, 2), insecticide as fipronil at two levels (0, 2) and litter type at 5 levels (D, A, B, E, F). Zero (0) represented the controls without fertilizer, insecticide or litter application. Two (2) corresponded to an application of 71.4 kg ha^<-1> N fertilizer, and 7.5 L ha^<-1> insecticide, both sequentially applied 3 times during the trial. D, A, B, E, F corresponded to the control, 5.7 t ha^<-1> of Andropogon gayanus Kunth, Casuarina equisetifolia (Forssk), Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. and Faidherbia albida (Chev.) litters, respectively, applied 73 days before sowing. This gave a total of 20 experimental units with 3 replications each. With no inorganic or insecticide application, the effect on growth parameters (plant height, medium collar diameter, number of leaves per plant) was not significantly different among the different applied litters. Litter application positively affected the growth parameters compared to the control. F. albida litter increased the quantic maximal output of the photochemical activity by 6% and the energy use efficiency by 26%, compared to the other litter types. At harvest, litters of F. albida, C. equisetifolia and P. glaucum increased grain yields by 94.3% over the control. The addition of inorganic fertilizer and/or insecticide improved the stem collar diameter and plant height and grain yield. In conclusion, the incorporation of locally available litters (more specifically that of the leguminous plants F. albida and C. equisetifolia) and their combination with inorganic N fertilizer and insecticide are good alternatives to increase maize production in tropical croplands.

著者

Breisinger Clements Yokogawa Hiroshi Song Min

出版者

Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University

雑誌

九州大学大学院農学研究院紀要 (ISSN:00236152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.503-531, 2003-02-01

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The Japanese rice market is an extreme example of national market protection in an industrialsed country. As a consequence of these proyrctionist policies, domestic prices average almost 4 times the world market price for comparable rice qualities. This paper discusses the obstacles on the way to political reform and to more openness of the rice trade. With the framework of a partial equilibrium model we quantify the benefits that can be expected by exhensive trade liberalisation and show that the Japanese consumer and rice producers in developing countries largely carry the burden of the current system that only conserves the highly inefficient Japanese rice farming structure. Our analysis shows that the current policies are economically not the best means to address the objectives taegeted by the "New agricultural policy" of Japan that promotes mainly food security, multifunctional aspects of agriculture and the parity of rural- urban income distribution. On the contrary, the Japanese rice policy appers to use these arguments only as oretence to justify its protectionist interventions. As an alternative, we develop an example for the conversion to a direct payment system that targets the political objectives directly and improves the competitiveness of the production in Japan.

著者

Shiotsuka Kota Kanazawa Shinjiro Sakai Kenji

出版者

Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University

雑誌

九州大学大学院農学研究院紀要 (ISSN:00236152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.471-477, 2008-10-28

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To analyze metabolically active thermophilic bacteria, a high-temperature direct viable count (HT-DVC) method was developed and applied to sewage sludge compost made by a hyperthermal composting method. When the HT-DVC method was conducted at 60 ℃ and 80 ℃, maximum numbers of 23.3×108 and 2.62×108 cells/(g of dry sample) of elongated cells (length >4 μm), respectively, were detected. These results indicate that the HT-DVC method can be used to enumerate even metabolically active extreme thermophiles. Strain TH, a Gram-negative, spore-forming, and extremely thermophilic bacterium, which showed growth at 55-78 ℃, was isolated from the sewage sludge compost. Strain TH is closely related to Caldaterra satsumae YMO81. The HT-DVC method could detect strain TH inoculated into sewage sludge compost with autoclaving, but could not selectively detect the strain inoculated into the compost without autoclaving.