著者

Huinan Zeng

出版者

The Japanese Society for Language Sciences

雑誌

Studies in Language Sciences (ISSN:24359955)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.9-31, 2022-03-14 (Released:2022-03-11)

参考文献数

55

---

This study investigates the adaptation of Late Middle Chinese loanwords in Early Middle Japanese (i.e. Sino–Japanese kan-on). It focuses on the segmental adaptation of the Chinese initial consonants in Japanese. A corpus of 2136 kanji is assembled and the analysis is based on the Featurally Underspecified Lexicon model (Lahiri, 2018). The empirical data shows that the adaptation of the acoustic input from the source language is driven by the phonology of the borrowing language (Lahiri & Kennard, 2019; Kim, 2008, 2009). The result reveals that instead of matching a foreign segment directly to a native phoneme that most closely approximates the acoustic input, Japanese borrowers extracted phonological features from the acoustic input and mapped them onto the features in their native language. The adaptation is guided by two universal hierarchies: (1) PLACE features take precedent over manner features, (2) within PLACE, ARTICULATOR features rank higher than TONGUE HEIGHT features; and one language specific hierarchy: in Late Middle Chinese, [SPREAD GLOTTIS] dominates [VOICE]. Perceptual similarities are guided by feature specifications and hierarchies.

著者

Chuxin Liu Stephen J. Lupker Mariko Nakayama

出版者

The Japanese Society for Language Sciences

雑誌

Studies in Language Sciences (ISSN:24359955)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.1-8, 2022-03-14 (Released:2022-03-11)

参考文献数

33

---

A recent masked priming experiment involving Chinese–Japanese logographic cognates (Liu et al., 2019) showed equivalent priming effects for phonologically similar and dissimilar cognate pairs (e.g., 信赖/xin4lai4/-信頼/shiNrai/ and 保证/bao3zheng4/-保証/hoshoR/), suggesting that cognates are not represented in the same way for Chinese–Japanese bilinguals as they are for other types of bilinguals (e.g., Japanese-English). The present study examined whether the same would be true for cross-script Chinese–Japanese cognates, i.e., Chinese hanzi and Japanese katakana cognate pairs (e.g., 巴士/ba1shi4/-バス/basu/ and 瓦斯/wa3si1/-ガス/gasu/). Priming effect sizes were also unaffected by phonological similarity in our experiment. Implications for the underlying connectivity of cognates in the mental lexicon(s) of Chinese–Japanese bilinguals are discussed.

著者

Diego Elisandro Dardon Hyeonjeong Jeong

出版者

The Japanese Society for Language Sciences

雑誌

Studies in Language Sciences (ISSN:24359955)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.77-84, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-03-31)

参考文献数

29

---

Working memory (WM) and language analytic ability (LAA) are considered important cognitive factors in second language (L2) grammar learning, but it is not clear which contributes more particularly with different types of grammatical rules. Previous studies have focused on grammatical rules that rely on form, but there are no studies investigating WM and LAA’s contribution comparatively to learning linguistic rules that require the generalization of semantic information. The aim of this study was to determine the contributions of WM and LAA in learning semantic noun classes, grammatical structures whose rules rely on the ability to generalize and categorize based on conceptual knowledge. Thirty Japanese native-speakers participated in a controlled learning experiment that targeted demonstrative-noun agreement patterns based on semantic categories. Multiple regression analyses revealed that WM significantly contributed to the learning of semantic noun classes, but LAA did not. The results suggest that WM is a better predictor than LAA in learning linguistic rules that rely on knowledge outside of linguistic form.

著者

スプリング ライアン

出版者

The Japanese Society for Language Sciences

雑誌

Studies in Language Sciences (ISSN:24359955)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.19-34, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-03-31)

参考文献数

30

---

本研究では日本人と英語母語話者を対象に非言語カテゴリータスクを実施し、母語のタイプ、移動様態の特性、境界交差の3因子が移動事象のカテゴリー化に影響を及ぼすか否かを調査した。二項ロジスティック回帰分析の結果から、母語タイプと3種類の移動様態 (使役手段 (causative)、速度(speed)、普段(default))がタスクに現れるかどうかがカテゴリー化に影響していたが、境界交差と異常手段(expressive)様態の有無が影響していないことが分かった。また、被験者の母語タイプに関わらず、視認性が高い様態 (使役手段) と視認性が低い様態 (普段) がタスクに含まれると、移動の様態を優先的に選択することが明らかになった。この結果に基づき、これまでの事象合成に関する先行研究を再考する必要があると考えられる。

著者

Akiko Kondo

出版者

The Japanese Society for Language Sciences

雑誌

Studies in Language Sciences (ISSN:24359955)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.1-18, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-03-31)

参考文献数

63

---

This study investigated whether working memory capacity and L2 motivation have significant relationships with Japanese English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ speaking skills, and to what degree working memory capacity and L2 motivation respectively contribute to L2 speaking skills and their subcomponents (vocabulary, grammar, fluency, and pronunciation). Participants were 113 Japanese EFL students. They completed three assessments: The Versant English Speaking Test; a Japanese (L1)-based listening span test; and an L2 learning motivation survey. To investigate the relationships between variables (English speaking skills, phonological working memory capacity, and L2 learning motivation), a correlation analysis was conducted. L2 speaking test scores were found to be significantly related to both working memory capacity and language learning motivation. Furthermore, regression analyses showed that phonological working memory capacity and motivation significantly explained variance in L2 speaking skills, and indicated significant influences of predictors on four components of L2 speaking skills (vocabulary, grammar, fluency, and pronunciation); L2 motivation displayed stronger influence on speaking subcomponents, except speaking grammar. These results contribute to existing literature on the generalization of effects of individual differences, such as working memory and motivation, on L2 learning.