3 0 0 0 Social biology

著者
American Eugenics Society
出版者
University of Chicago Press
巻号頁・発行日
1969

2 0 0 0 Soccer madness

著者
Janet Lever
出版者
University of Chicago Press
巻号頁・発行日
1983
著者
Bamba Aya Yamazaki Ryo Yoshida Tatsuo Terasawa Toshio Koyama Katsuji
出版者
University of Chicago Press
雑誌
Astrophysical Journal (ISSN:0004637X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.621, no.2, pp.793-802, 2005-03
被引用文献数
13 218

The outer shells of young supernova remnants (SNRs) are the most plausible acceleration sites of high-energy electrons with the diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) mechanism. We studied spatial and spectral properties close to the shock fronts in four historical SNRs (Cas A, Kepler's remnant, Tycho's remnant, and RCW86) with excellent spatial resolution of Chandra. In all of the SNRs, hard X-ray emissions were found on the rims of the SNRs, which concentrate in very narrow regions ( so-called filaments); apparent scale widths on the upstreamside are below or on the order of the point-spread function of Chandra, while they are 0.'' 5 - 40 '' (0.01 - 0.4 pc) on the downstream side with most reliable distances. The spectra of these filaments can be fitted with both thermal and nonthermal ( power law and SRCUT) models. The former requires unrealistic high temperature (greater than or similar to 2 keV) and low abundances (less than or similar to 1 solar) for emission from young SNRs and may be thus unlikely. The latter reproduces the spectra with best-fit photon indices of 2.1 - 3.8, or roll-off frequencies of (0.1 28) x 10(17) Hz, which reminds us of the synchrotron emission from electrons accelerated via DSA. We consider various physical parameters as functions of the SNR age, including the previous results on SN 1006; the filament width on the downstream side increases with the SNR age, and the spectrum becomes softer, keeping a nonthermal feature. It was also found that a function, that is, the roll-off frequency divided by the square of the scale width on the downstream side, shows negative correlation with the age, which might provide us some information on the DSA theory.
著者
Robert M. Wald
出版者
University of Chicago Press
巻号頁・発行日
1984