著者

長野 和雄 高柴 日香 小松 充典 兼子 朋也 堀越 哲美

出版者

日本生気象学会

雑誌

日本生気象学会雑誌 (ISSN:03891313)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.4, pp.141-164, 2009-01-01

参考文献数

60

被引用文献数

2

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島根県吉田町の 2 集落を対象に,集落気候と室内気候の実測,住まい方や生活実感に対する住民へのアンケート調査を行い,伝統的住宅自身が備える,あるいは住まい方の中に隠れた,地域気候に対する適応の技術を検証した.集落気候の空間的分布と経時的な変化を体感指標 ETV で評価した.これにより,山間部の起伏に富んだ地形によって大きく変化する日射量や風速の影響,時間や季節による放射や着衣の影響を詳細に捉えた.室内気象は,建物自身の熱的性能によってある程度緩和されつつも,その外界気象に応じて変化した.特に夏季については日射の影響が明らかであった.夏季は至適域よりも高く,冬季は至適域よりも低い室内気候が形成されていた.その室内気候に対する居住者の実感,暑さ・寒さの対処法の実態を明らかにした.夏季には,エアコンの使用を控えて扇風機の使用に留め,通風や着衣による調節,環境選択などのエネルギー消費を要しない手法を多用した,地域気候に適応した生活が展開されていた.冬季にはほとんどの世帯でコタツまたは炭コタツが多用されていた.開放式燃焼器具も多くの世帯で併用されていたが,間欠的に使用していた世帯よりも常時使用していた世帯の方がむしろ不満と感じていた.また,室内での着衣の多さなど,ここでも過度にエネルギーを消費しないよう工夫されていた. / The purpose of this research is to verify techniques of adaptation to the local climate in traditional homes themselves, or in the lifestyle, in two villages in Yoshida-cho, Shimane Prefecture. This was done by measuring the outdoor and indoor climate, and conducting a questionnaire survey of residents regarding their lifestyle and actual living experience. The spatial distribution and variation over time in local climate were evaluated by using the ETV temperature index. This made it possible to capture the detailed effects of the amount of insolation and wind speed, which vary greatly due to the highly undulous mountain terrain, and the impact of long-wave radiation and clothing depending on the time and season. Although the thermal performance of buildings themselves eased slightly the effects of weather outside, the indoor temperature varied in response to the outdoor weather. The effect of solar radiation was particularly clear in the summer. The indoor climate was above the comfort zone in summer and below the comfort zone in winter. The results of questionnaire survey showed that, in summer, the lifestyle was adapted to the local climate, and residents frequently used techniques with lower energy consumption, such as refraining from using air-conditioners and making do with electric fans, regulating temperature with ventilation and clothing, and engaging in environment selection behavior. In winter, almost all households provided local heating with an electric or charcoal kotatsu. Open-type heaters were also used in many households, but the households who used them constantly tended to feel more dissatisfaction than those who used them intermittently or in an auxiliary fashion. Here too, creative techniques were used to avoid excessive energy consumption, such as wearing more clothing indoors.