著者

濱崎 要子

出版者

奈良女子大学

雑誌

人間形成と文化 : 奈良女子大学文学部教育文化情報学講座年報 (ISSN:13429817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.85-108, 1996

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The purpose of this paper is to summarize man s relation to technical culture in "Soji". "Soji" was written by Chuang-tzu from about 400 B.C. to about 300 B.C. and was edited his works by Ka Kusho in the period of about A.D. 400 in China. We think about how the view of Taoistic labour builds up our character as one way to seek after the truth. This paper is organized as follows : 1 Introduction 2 Methods of dividing work 3 The problem that the labour is estranged from the human nature 4 The problem that a story of a sweep-well bucket indicates 1) The view of Taoistic labour 2) The formation of occupational view 3) The meaning of Tao 4) "The Tao of Chaotic being" and the formation of human-beings 5 The comparative significance the Taoism with the Confucianism 6 We draw four educational problems from a story of a sweep-well bucket. 1) The view of labour as the religious austerities 2) The view of labour as the consciousness of the humanity 3) The view of labour as the life 4) The view of labour as the formation of human-beings Part I We explain the process of a story of a sweep-well bucket. There are five problems that the old farmer talks to one pupil of K'ung Ch'iu as the reason for his working without any machine. One is that when human beings works with a machine, he depends his labour on a maschine. Two is that when human beings depends his labour on a maschine, he depends his mind on a maschime. Three is that when human beings depends his mind on a maschine, he loses his human nature. Four is that when human beings loses his human nature, he loses his miraculous activities of life. Five is that when human beings loses his miraculous activities of life, he loses the Tao. K'ung Ch'iu heard this story from his pupil, he expounded that "The Tao of Chaotic being" was the great truth of the universe and the old farmer did not cultivate his moral sense. Part 2 Division of work is the aim of increasing the product power of labour according to Adam Smith. The technical division with making labour easy and omit is one method of the division of work. Another method is that divides suitably the work to labour. The division of work produces results of the estranged labour and the religious relief. The view of Taoistic labour is one of religious relieves. Part 3 We compare the view of estranged labour formulated in the theory of Karl Marx with the teachings stated by the old farmer. As a result, we draw four educational problems from comparative views. Part 4 The view of Taoistic labour is that we mind our own business throughout the every daily life. By working away at the daily labour, we recognize the unconscious humanity as the Tao. The meaning of Tao is the inactive nature. "The Tao of Chaotic being" is the great truth of the universe and it builds up our character on way to the Chaotic human-being. Part 5 In the beginning of Taoism, Taoist avoids the daily labour. But, as that Confucianism is popularized on the daily life, Taoist attaches importance to the daily labour. K'ung Ch'iu admires "The Tao of Chaotic being" as the great truth of the universe. The Taoism comes down to the present age as a result of including the Confucianism in it. Part 6 We draw four educational problems from a story of a sweep-well bucket. 1) The view of labour as the relagious austerities The labour means to practice the religious austerities. Because human beings is able to recognize the meaning of Tao when he puts his life in his work. By working with might and main, he combines himself with the formation of Tao and builds up his character. 2) The view of labour as the consciousness of the humanity Human beings is conscious of the true humanity during the labour. The labour is the best humanitic activity of all human actions. If human being recognized "The Tao of Chaotic being", he could work with the freedom from all earthly ties. The labour is one human nature. 3) The view of labour as the life. We live for the work, do not work for life. The labour