著者

針貝 綾

出版者

鹿児島県立短期大学

雑誌

鹿児島県立短期大学紀要. 自然科学篇 (ISSN:02861208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, pp.29-42, 2001-12-25

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This research aims to investigate the significance of a stage in German design history by reconstructing the history of the Darmstadt Artists' Colony. This paper provides an overview of the first period of the Colony's existance from 1898 to 1906,with special reference to an article of "Darmstaedter Kuenstlerkolonie" written by Renate Ulmer. Traditional crafts had prospered in Hessen, and it was expected that their design and quality would be enhanced in the 19th century. Against such a background, Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig of Hessen was inspired by the Arts and Crafts movement in England, which led him to make a plan to establish an artists' colony at Darmstadt. Consequently he invited its first members to join the colony : the painter Hans Christiansen, the medalist Rudolf Bosselt, the interior designer Patriz Huber, the graphic designer Paul Buerck, the sculptor Ludwig Habich, the multi-designer Peter Behrens and the Viennese architect Josef Maria Olbrich. They began to co-operate to enter for the Paris Exposition in 1900. Later, in 1901,they organized exhibition in the Artists' Colony where they showed the results they achieved during their stay in the Colony. In this exhibition, the Ernst Ludwig House, a series of public buildings and artists' dwellings on a hill-top site were also shown to public. The exhibition, which was the biggest in the history of the Artists' Colony in Darmstadt, shows a phase of the shift from Jugendstil to Art Deco. In the second period, the interior designer Daniel Greiner, the crafts designer Paul Haustein and the graphic designer Johann Vincenz Cissarz were invited to the Colony. In 1904 at the second exhibition of the Artists' Colony, which was much smaller than the first one in scale, a group-house for three families by Olbrich was on display, and the graphics and crafts were also exhibited and sold. It was of great significance that the workers' committee was established for the exhibition, connecting artists, industries and colleges in Hessen. In particular, the textiles and metalware designed by Olbrich and Haustein should be an important example of close co-operation between artists, industries and schools.