- 著者
-
中田 考
- 出版者
- 学術雑誌目次速報データベース由来
- 雑誌
- オリエント (ISSN:00305219)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.38, no.1, pp.79-95, 1995
Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab who started his <i>Tawhid</i> propagation in his hometown, 'Uyaina, in 1741, broke down tombs of saints, trees and stones worshiped by the inhabitants, and pressed the magistrate to carry out the Islamic execution on an adulteress. The frightened inhabitants expelled him from the town.<br>In this first stage of his missionary activity, we can already find the three political ideas of Wahhabi, such as (1) propagation of <i>Tawhid</i>, (2) ordering what is right and prohibiting what is wrong, and (3) execution of the Islamic law.<br>Expelled from his hometown, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab came to Dar'iya where lived Ibn Sa'ud. Ibn Sa'ud visited him and proposed him a concordat according to which he would give Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab a military support for the propagation of <i>Tawhid</i> in exchange for his loyalty to the house of Sa'ud and his confirmation of Ibn Sa'ud's right of taxation. Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab accepted his proposition except the confirmation of the right of taxation. On this concordat are founded the three State Principles of Saudi Arabia: propagation by <i>jihad</i>, monarchy of the Sa'ud, and no taxation.<br>With the expansion of the territory, Saudi Arabia starts to use a double identity in the foreign policy, in which they define themselves as Wahhabi to attack the non-Wahhabi Muslims as polytheists on one hand and as Hanbali to make peace with other Muslims on the other hand.<br>Though the third kingdom of Saudi Arabia founded by 'Abd al='Aziz has inherited Wahhabi' s three ideas on the politics, as for its three principles of the state, it comes to discard <i>jihad</i> as well as to retouch the no taxation principle and to justify the diplomatic relation with non Muslim countries.<br>The legitimacy of the third kingdom of Saudi Arabia is now threatened on the three levels, namely, (1) the penetration of the idea of of the Jihad-Revolution among people, (2) the intensifying conflict not only between the Western world and the Islamic world but also between secularism and Islamism within the Islamic world and (3) the heavy taxation under the circumstances of the financial decline.