著者

藤木 三千人 藤井 黎

出版者

日本社会学会

雑誌

社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.4, pp.85-102, 1958-08-30

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This monograph is based on the date gathered through two researches : the research of the Pacific coast of the Ojika Peninsula, carried on by the research team of Tohoku Univ. Industry-and-Education Research Center, is the one, and the research of Gobuura which was done as the continuation of the former by us in 1956 and 1957 the other. Both researches were intensively done with emphasis upon the correlation of the dominant form of fishing with the structure of each village.<BR>Relatively, but contrarily, to the exceedingly remarkable improvement of fishing techniques in recent years, the This monograph is based on the date gathered through two researches : the research of the Pacific coast of the Ojika Peninsula, carried on by the research team of Tohoku Univ. Industry-and-Education Research Center, is the one, and the research of Gobuura which was done as the continuation of the former by us in 1956 and 1957 the other. Both researches were intensively done with emphasis upon the correlation of the dominant form of fishing with the structure of each village.<BR>Relatively, but contrarily, to the exceedingly remarkable improvement ob fishing techniques in recent years, the sea-resources in the water near the coast are dwindling year by year. Hardly there are the stabilized states of the fishing-in-nearby-water (<I>isoryo</I>) in former years, the main catches being such sea products growing in the nearby water along the coast as sea-weeds abalone, sea-chestnuts, etc., fishes living near the coast or coming seasonally near the coast. Fishing works in the villages have been specialized in according to the particular conditions of each villages and the life of fishermen has came so far as to display the various aspects. Such general tendencies are the fact that can be obviously observable in each fishing villages here in the Pacific Side (<I>Urahama</I>) of the Ojika peninsula. Yokoura, the one of the villages selected as the fields of the research is of course not the exception.<BR>Consequently, the transformation of the forms of fishery stated above regulated and changed the structure of the Village society in which fishery was the key industry. That is, the forms and the systems of fishery operated in Yokoura village are strongly reflected in the social structure of the village through the medium of the utility value of the fishing ground this village dominates, and of a certain developmental stages of fishing techniques in connection with the former. Analyzing the actual condition of Yokoura, the qualitative analyzation of the present form of fishing and the changing processes as a result of which the present form of fishing has came from was done at first and followed by the consideration on the social structure of this village, focusing on the form of gaining livelihood and control-relationship pivoting around it. Two forms of gaining livelihood, fishing being the one, and agriculture and forestry the other are seen in Yokoura. As for the land, the concentration of land to a few households is conspicuously observed, but the size of land per a household and the coefficient of land utilization are at the low state. In general, the agricultural foundation is meager.<BR>However, in the developmental process of gaining livelihood, the form of rather strong reliance on the forestry resources and the sericulture are found. The forestry resources were commercialized as fuel for producing of dried bonito at the villages of bonito-fishing, -Enoshima, Izushima and Takenoura which situated on the opposite coast of the Onagawa Bay. The rise of economic power due to sericulture provided the branch families side with the moment to accelerate their fishing activities. Both the forestry resource and the sericulture headed for decline, the former in response to the devision of bonito processing industry and the latter to the unsecurity of the world market price.