著者

栗原 崇志 生田 香明 中塘 二三生 播本 定彦

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

体育學研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.4, pp.285-294, 1985-03-01

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Effects of sprint training were examined on the form in sprint running. Six non-athlete male university students aged 19-20 years engaged in the training program consisted of 50 m and 100 m sprint running three times a day, three days per week, for a period of ten weeks. They ran 50m and l00m using a starting block with maximum effort before and after the training period, and their form in sprint running was filmed at 100 frames per second at 40 m (50 m dash) and 85 m (100 m dash)point from the start 1ine. Further, an accomplished male sprinter (21 years of age) ran 50 m dash and his sprint form was filmed at 40 m point. Length of one cycle (length of two steps), duration of one cycle (time needed for two steps), velocity at the point, sprint record and seven kinematic factors were measured. Kinematic factors were 1) Upper leg angle and angular velocity, 2) Lower leg angle and angular velocity, 3) Knee angle and angular velocity, 4) Locus of toe around trochanter major. Results were as follows. 1) Before training, the toe movement around trochanter major in the former half of swing phase of non-athlete was lower than that of the sprinter (50m dash). 2) After training, the toe movement around trochanter major in the former half of swing phase was higher than that measured before the training (50m dash). 3) After training, maximum angular velocity of upper leg during top speed in 50 m and 100m sprint running significantly became faster than those measured before training. Maximum and minimum angular velocity of the knee during top speed in 50m sprint running significantly became faster than those measured before training. 4) Duration of one cycle at 40 m (50 m dash) and 85 m (100 m dash) point during sprint running shortened after the training significantly. Length of one cycle at the same point in some subjects lengthened, while such was not the case in other subjects. Running velocity which was culculated from duration and length of one cycle improved significantly. It is concluded that the short period of sprint training has the effect to improve sprint form and the sprint ability of male adults.