- 著者
-
玉井 力
- 出版者
- 公益財団法人史学会
- 雑誌
- 史學雜誌 (ISSN:00182478)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.93, no.11, pp.1751-1768, 1857-1856, 1984-11-20
The purpose of this essay is to investigate the establishing process of the system of appointment in the Heian period. Firstly the present author investigated the indispensable documents for the appointment ceremony : Shichikan Monjo (七巻文書) [7 volumes documents] Kekkancho (欠官帳) [lists of unoccupied posts] and Omagaki (大間書) [a list of candidates]. And the following three points were made clear. 1.Shichikan monjo except Goiijo Rekimyocho (五位已上歴名帳) [a list of higher officials than 5th rank], Kekkancho and Omagaki seems to have been used since the 8th century. 2.Bunincho (補任帳) [lists of appointees which are included in Shichikan Monjo] and Kekkancho began to be presented not only to the Dajokan (太政官) but to the Kurododokoro (蔵人所) in the 9th century. 3.Goiijo Rekimyocho had been presented only to the Dairi (内裏) before about this time, but around this time it also began to be presented to the Dajokan. Secondly through investigating moshibumi (申文) and rocho (労帳) [applications for appointments] the following points are evident. 1.These applications can be categorized into Gekigata (外記方) and Kurodogata (蔵人方). A Gekigata application was presented to the Gekikyoku and a Kurodogata application was presented to the Kurododokoro. It seems that a Gekigata application owes its origin to the koka (考課) system under the Japanese Ritsuryo (律令) system, and a Kurodogata application owes its origin to the system based on the Imperial order. 2.Moshibumi came to be used frequently from the 810s. In those days it seems that the most of them were presented to Gekigata. But Kurodogata moshibumi gradually increased in number, and many Gekigata moshibumi came to be presented to the Kurododokoro. Late in the 9th century or early in the 10th century except only a little part of the applications applied for lower posts, most of them came to be presentd to the Kurododokoro. It can be safely said that the fundamental system of appointment ceremony in the Heian period was formed by the beginning of the 10th century. And the function of the Kurododokoro was increased through this process. The author can say that as to the appointment ceremony the authority of Emperor was relatively increased, and the authority of the Dajokan was decreased in the 9th century.