Japanese kamis who hate sins get angry and bring about disasters when men do wrong. Without sins they are happy and do not cause disasters. Taking advantage of this behaviour, the Japanese framed the idea of kekwa They tried to soothe angry kamis by chanting sutras as magic formulae in order to stop disasters such as droughts and plagues. This is a new type of harahe and therefore repenting is not involved in spite of its name "kekwa" (to repent).