Generally speaking, literacy education is required in developing countries because of poverty, war andlack of understanding for literacy etc. Afghanistan is one of the typical countries under such circumstances.The author visited the country to inspect the actual literacy education for a week in August 2003. In thispaper, the history and the social situation now are given very briefly, first. Then, the practical situation ofthe literacy education run by an NGO in Afghanistan is described. As Afghanistan is the multiracial andMoslem country, several issues that appear under those environments are discussed.