著者

土屋 立 山本 淳一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本特殊教育学会

雑誌

特殊教育学研究 (ISSN:03873374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.6, pp.33-49, 2001

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Referential looking was defined as the behavior chain in which the child looked at the stimulus, then looked at the listener's face, and again looked at the stimulus. The purpose of this study was to examine in children with autism the conditions for establishing referential looking, pointing to the object, and a verbal and non-verbal response to direct the listener's attention to the object. The listener, sitting facing the child, replied to the children's communicative responses using a time-delay procedure. The stimulus was presented where the child could see it, but the listener could 'not'. The results showed that spontaneous referential looking with pointing was established by manipulating environmental conditions, such as use of a setting in which the listener did not 'know' the presented stimulus, and the time-delay procedure, which facilitated spontaneous responses from the child. The declarative verbal and non-verbal behavior, which might have a function for guiding the listener's face in a more accurate direction toward the stimuli, occurred without any instruction. These results were discussed in terms of the function of environmental stimuli and the behavioral mechanism of joint attention in children with autism.